ScienceDirect - Physics Letters B : Diffractive hard photoproduction at HERA and evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron

Physics Letters B
Volume 356, Issue 1, 10 August 1995, Pages 129-146

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doi:10.1016/0370-2693(95)00803-S

Diffractive hard photoproduction at HERA and evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron

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ZEUS Collaboration, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. ZhangR. Ayad ¹, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini ², M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli ³, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas ⁴, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz, F. Palmonari, A. Polini, G. Sartorelli, R. Timellini, Y. Zamora Garcia¹, A. ZichichiA. Bargende ⁵, J. Crittenden, K. Desch, B. Diekmann ⁶, T. Doeker, M. Eckert, L. Feld, A. Frey, M. Geerts, M. Grothe, H. Hartmann, K. Heinloth, E. Hilger, H. -P. Jakob, U. F. Katz, S. M. Mari⁴, S. Mengel, J. Mollen, E. Paul, M. Pfeiffer, Ch. Rembser, D. Schramm, J. Stamm, R. WedemeyerS. Campbell-Robson, A. Cassidy, N. Dyce, B. Foster, S. George, R. Gilmore, G. P. Heath, H. F. Heath, T. J. Llewellyn, C. J. S. Morgado, D. J. P. Norman, J. A. O'Mara, R. J. Tapper, S. S. Wilson, R. YoshidaR. R. 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Westphal, G. Wolf, C. Youngman, W. Zeuner, J. F. Zhou ¹⁷H. J. Grabosch, A. Kharchilava, A. Leich, M. C. K. Mattingly, A. Meyer, S. Schlenstedt, N. WulffG. Barbagli, P. PelferG. Anzivino, G. Maccarrone, S. De Pasquale, L. VotanoA. Bamberger, S. Eisenhardt, A. Freidhof, S. Söldner-Rembold ¹⁸, J. Schroeder ¹⁹, T. TrefzgerN. H. Brook, P. J. Bussey, A. T. Doyle ²⁰, J. I. Fleck⁴, D. H. Saxon, M. L. Utley, A. S. WilsonA. Dannemann, U. Holm, D. Horstmann, T. Neumann, R. Sinkus, K. WickE. Badura ²¹, B. D. Burow ²², L. Hagge, E. Lohrmann, J. Milewski, M. Nakahata ²³, N. Pavel, G. Poelz, W. Schott, F. ZetscheT. C. Bacon, N. Bruemmer, I. Butterworth, E. Gallo, V. L. Harris, B. Y. H. Hung, K. R. Long, D. B. Miller, P. P. O. Morawitz, A. Prinias, J. K. Sedgbeer, A. F. WhitfieldU. Mallik, E. McCliment, M. Z. Wang, S. M. Wang, J. T. WuP. Cloth, D. FilgesS. H. An, S. M. Hong, S. W. Nam, S. K. Park, M. H. Suh, S. H.YonR. Imlay, S. Kartik, H. -J. Kim, R. R. McNeil, W. Metcalf, V. K. NadendlaF. Barreiro ²⁴, G. Cases, J. P. Fernandez, R. Graciani, J. M. Hernández, L. Hervás²⁴, L. Labarga²⁴, M. Martinez, J. del Peso, J. Puga, J. Terron, J. F. de TrocónizG. R. SmithF. Corriveau, D. S. Hanna, J. Hartmann, L. W. Hung, J. N. Lim, C. G. Matthews, P. M. Patel, L. E. Sinclair, D. G. Stairs, M. St.Laurent, R. Ullmann, G. Zacek ³⁴V. Bashkirov, B. A. Dolgoshein, A. StifutkinG. L. Bashindzhagyan, P. F. Ermolov, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, V. D. Kobrin, I. A. Korzhavina, V. A. Kuzmin, O. Yu. Lukina, A. S. Proskuryakov, A. A. Savin, L. M. Shcheglova, A. N. Solomin, N. P. ZotovM. Botje, F. Chlebana, A. Dake, J. Engelen, M. de Kamps, P. Kooijman, A. Kruse, H. Tiecke, W. Verkerke, M. Vreeswijk, L. Wiggers, E. de Wolf, R. van WoudenbergD. Acosta, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, K. Honscheid, C. Li, T. Y. Ling, K. W. McLean ²⁵, W. N. Murray, I. H. Park, T. A. Romanowski ²⁶, R. Seidlein ²⁷D. S. Bailey, A. Byrne ²⁸, R. J. Cashmore, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, R. C. E. Devenish, N. Harnew, M. Lancaster, L. Lindemann⁴, J. D. McFall, C. Nath, V. A. Noyes, A. Quadt, J. R. Tickner, H. Uijterwaal, R. Walczak, D. S. Waters, F. F. Wilson, T. YipG. Abbiendi, A. Bertolin, R. Brugnera, R. Carlin, F. Dal Corso, M. De Giorgi, U. Dosselli, S. Limentani, M. Morandin, M. Posocco, L. Stanco, R. Stroili, C. VociJ. Bulmahn, J. M. Butterworth, R. G. Feild, B. Y. Oh, J. J. Whitmore ²⁹G. D'Agostini, G. Marini, A. Nigro, E. TassiJ. C. Hart, N. A. McCubbin, K. Prytz, T. P. Shah, T. L. ShortE. Barberis, T. Dubbs, C. Heusch, M. Van Hook, W. Lockman, J. T. Rahn, H. F. -W. Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, D. C. WilliamsJ. Biltzinger, R. J. Seifert, O. Schwarzer, A. H. Walenta, G. ZechH. Abramowicz, G. Briskin, S. Dagan ³⁰, A. Levy ³¹T. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, T. Ishii, M. Kuze, S. Mine, Y. Nagasawa, M. Nakao, I. Suzuki, K. Tokushuku, S. Yamada, Y. YamazakiM. Chiba, R. Hamatsu, T. Hirose, K. Homma, S. Kitamura, Y. Nakamitsu, K. YamauchiR. Cirio, M. Costa, M. I. Ferrero, L. Lamberti, S. Maselli, C. Peroni, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, A. StaianoM. DardoD. C. Bailey, D. Bandyopadhyay, F. Benard, M. Brkic, M. B. Crombie, D. M. Gingrich ³², G. F. Hartner, K. K. Joo, G. M. Levman, J. F. Martin, R. S. Orr, S. Polenz, C. R. Sampson, R. J. TeuscherC. D. Catterall, T. W. Jones, P. B. Kaziewicz, J. B. Lane, R. L. Saunders, J. ShulmanK. Blankenship, B. Lu, L. W. MoW. Bogusz, K. Charchu a,J. Ciborowski, J. Gajewski, G. Grzelak, M. Kasprazak, M. Krzy anowski, K. Muchorowski, R. J. Nowak, J. M. Pawlak, T. Tymieniecka, A. K. Wróblewski, J. A. Zakrzewski, A. F. arneckiM. AdamusY. Eisenberg³⁰, U. Karshon³⁰, D. Revel³⁰, D. Zer-ZionI. Ali, W. F. Badgett, B. Behrens, S. Dasu, C. Fordham, C. Foudas, A. Goussiou, R. J. Loveless, D. D. Reeder, S. Silverstein, W. H. Smith, A. Vaiciulis, M. WodarczykT. TsurugaiS. Bhadra, M. L. Cardy, C. -P. Fagerstroem, W. R. Frisken, K. M. Furutani, M. KhakzadW. B. Schmidke

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA ⁴⁸

University and INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy^,³⁸

Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany^,³⁵

H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol, Bristol, UK^,⁴⁷

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L.I., USA^,⁴⁸

Calabria University, Physics Dept, and INFN, Cosenza, Italy^,³⁸

Columbia University, Nevis Labs., Irvington on Hudson, N.Y., USA^,⁴⁹

Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Cracow, Poland^,⁴²

Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, Academy of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow, Poland^,⁴²

Jagellonian Univ., Dept. of Physics, Cracow, Poland^,⁴³

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

DESY-Zeuthen, Inst. für Hochenergiephysik, Zeuthen, Germany

University and INFN, Florence, Italy^,³⁸

INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy^,³⁸

Fakultät für Physik der Universität Freiburg i.Br., Freiburg i.Br., Germany^,³⁵

Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK^,⁴⁷

Hamburg University, I. Institute of Exp. Physics, Hamburg, Germany^,³⁵

Hamburg University, II. Institute of Exp. Physics, Hamburg, Germany^,³⁵

Imperial College London, High Energy Nuclear Physics Group, London, UK^,⁴⁷

University of Iowa Physics and Astronomy Dept., Iowa City, USA^,⁴⁸

Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Kernphysik, Jülich, Germany

Korea University, Seoul, South Korea^,⁴⁰

Louisiana State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, LA, USA^,⁴⁸

Univer. Autónoma Madrid, Depto de Física Teóríca, Madrid, Spain^,⁴⁶

University of Manitoba, Dept. of Physics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada^,³³

McGill University, Dept. of Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada^,³³

Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia^,⁴⁴

Moscow State University, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia^,⁴⁵

NIKHEF and University of Amsterdam, Netherlands^,⁴¹

Ohio State University, Physics Department, Columbus, Ohio, USA^,⁴⁸

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK^,⁴⁷

Dipartimento di Fisica dell' Universita and INFN, Padova, Italy^,³⁸

Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Physics, University Park, PA, USA^,⁴⁹

Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. ‘La Sapienza’ and INFN, Rome, Italy^,³⁸

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK^,⁴⁷

University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA^,⁴⁸

Fachbereich Physik der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Siegen, Germany^,³⁵

School of Physics,Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel^,³⁷

Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan^,³⁹

Tokyo Metropolitan University, Dept. of Physics, Tokyo, Japan^,³⁹

Universita di Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale and INFN, Torino, Italy^,³⁸

II Faculty of Sciences, Torino University and INFN -, Alessandria, Italy^,³⁸

University of Toronto, Dept. of Physics, Toronto, Ont., Canada^,³³

University College London, Physics and Astronomy Dept., London, UK^,⁴⁷

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State University, Physics Dept., Blacksburg, VA, USA^,⁴⁹

Warsaw University, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw, Poland^,⁴²

Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland^,⁴²

Weizmann Institute, Nuclear Physics Dept., Rehovot, Israel^,³⁶

University of Wisconsin, Dept. of Physics, Madison, WI, USA^,⁴⁸

Meiji Gakuin University, Faculty of General Education, Yokohama, Japan

York University, Dept. of Physics, North York, Ont., Canada^,³³

Received 22 June 1995.

Editor: L. Montanet

Available online 23 February 2000.

Abstract

Inclusive jet cross sections for events with a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction from the reaction ep → jet + X with quasi-real photons have been measured with the ZEUS detector. The cross sections refer to jets with transverse energies E_T^jet > 8 GeV. The data show the characteristics of a diffractive process mediated by pomeron exchange. Assuming that the events are due to the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure, the quark and gluon content of the pomeron is probed at a scale not, vert, similar (E_T^jet)². A comparison of the measurements with model predictions based on QCD plus Regge phenomenology requires a contribution of partons with a hard momentum density in the pomeron. A combined analysis of the jet cross sections and recent ZEUS measurements of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering gives the first experimental evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron in diffractive hard scattering processes. The data indicate that between 30% and 80% of the momentum of the pomeron carried by partons is due to hard gluons.

Article Outline

• References

⁴⁸ Supported by the US Department of Energy.

¹ Supported by Worldlab, Lausanne, Switzerland.

² Also at IROE Florence, Italy.

³ Now at Univ. of Salerno and INFN Napoli, Italy.

⁴ Supported by EU HCM contract ERB-CHRX-CT93-0376.

³⁸ Supported by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN).

⁵ Now at Möbelhaus Kramm, Essen.

⁶ Now a self-employed consultant.

³⁵ Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT).

⁴⁷ Supported by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council.

⁷ Now also at University of Torino.

⁸ Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow.

⁴⁹ Supported by the US National Science Foundation.

⁴² Supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (grant No. SPB/P3/202/93) and the Foundation for Polish- German Collaboration (proj. No. 506/92).

⁴³ Supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (grant No. PB 861/2/91 and No. 2 2372 9102, grant No. PB 2 2376 9102 and No. PB 2 0092 9101).

⁹ Presently at Columbia Univ., supported by DAAD/HSPII-AUFE.

¹⁰ Now at Inst. of Computer Science, Jagellonian Univ., Cracow.

¹¹ Now at Comma-Soft, Bonn.

¹² Visitor from Florida State University.

¹³ Now at Univ. of Mainz.

¹⁴ Supported by DAAD and European Community Program PRAXIS XXI.

¹⁵ Now at Dr. Seidel Informationssysteme, Frankfurt/M.

¹⁶ Now at Inst. of Accelerating Systems Applications (IASA), Athens.

¹⁷ Now at Mercer Management Consulting, Munich.

¹⁸ Now with OPAL Collaboration, Faculty of Physics at Univ. of Freiburg.

¹⁹ Now at SAS-Institut GmbH, Heidelberg.

²⁰ Also supported by DESY.

²¹ Now at GSI Darmstadt.

²² Also supported by NSERC.

²³ Now at Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo.

⁴⁰ Supported by the Korean Ministry of Education and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation.

²⁴ Partially supported by CAM.

⁴⁶ Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through funds provided by CICYT.

³³ Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

³⁴ Supported by the FCAR of Québec, Canada.

⁴⁴ Partially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT).

⁴⁵ Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT), the Volkswagen Foundation, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

⁴¹ Supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM).

²⁵ Now at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.

²⁶ Now at Department of Energy, Washington.

²⁷ Now at HEP Div., Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL, USA.

²⁸ Now at Oxford Magnet Technology, Eynsham, Oxon.

²⁹ On leave and partially supported by DESY 1993–1995.

³⁰ Supported by a MINERVA Fellowship.

³¹ Partially supported by DESY.

³⁷ Supported by the German Israeli Foundation, and by the Israel Academy of Science.

³⁹ Supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (the Monbusho) and its grants for Scientific Research.

³² Now at Centre for Subatomic Research, Univ.of Alberta, Canada and TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada.

³⁶ Supported by the MINERVA Gesellschaft für Forschung GmbH, and by the Israel Academy of Science.

Physics Letters B
Volume 356, Issue 1, 10 August 1995, Pages 129-146

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