Eikenella corrodens in human mouth flora

doi:10.1016/0363-5023(88)90279-1

The Journal of Hand Surgery

Volume 13, Issue 6, November 1988, Pages 953-956

https://doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(88)90279-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The incidence of Eikenella corrodens in the human mouth was studied in 229 individuals. Six (2.6%) had positive cultures. The incidence of positive cultures for the saliva group was 0.6% and for the tooth-scraping group it was 8.2%. When 11 isolates were tested against 33 antimicrobials by disc-agar diffusion, 82% were susceptible to penicillin, cephalothin, and cefoperazone. Susceptibility to the remaining second- and third-generation cephalosporins studied was 100%. We suggest that the use of a second- or third-generation cephalosporin only is appropriate empiric therapy for human bite injuries.

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Bite wounds are frequently located on the face; injuries inflicted by dogs are most common, especially in children. Bacteriology of infected dog and cat bite wounds includes Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and oral anaerobes. Infected human bites yield a similar spectrum of bacteria except for Pasteurellae and C. canimorsus; instead human bites are frequently complicated by Eikenella corrodens. Antibiotic therapy against these bacteria is indicated both for infected bite wounds and fresh wounds considered at risk for infection. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (and other combinations of extended-spectrum penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors) and moxifloxacin offer the best in vitro coverage of the pathogenic flora. Initial wound management consisting in irrigation and debridement is at least equally important with antibiotics for prevention of infection. The need for prophylaxis against systemic infectious complications, particularly tetanus, should also be evaluated. Primary surgical repair is the treatment of choice for most clinically uninfected facial bite wounds, whereas delayed closure should be reserved for certain high risk or already infected wounds. Avulsive injuries with significant tissue loss represent the most difficult cases for definitive management and are also those most likely to require hospitalization.
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The Journal of Hand Surgery

Abstract

References (27)

Infections following clenched-fist injury, a new perspective

J Hand Surg

Eikenella corrodens in hand infections

J Hand Surg

Eikenella corrodens isolated in oral infections of dental origin

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

Aerobic mouth flora of the rhesus monkey

J Hand Surg

Eikenella corrodens in human bite infections of the hand

J Trauma

Human bite wounds of the hand

J Okla State Med Assoc

Wounds of the hand contaminated by human or animal saliva

J Trauma

Bacteriology of human and animal bite wounds

J Clin Microbiol

Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds in children

Pediatr Infect Dis J

Eikenella corrodens in human bites

Clin Orthop

Glucosenonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria

Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests

Studies in Gram-negative anaerobes II. Gram-negative anaerobic rods with spreading colonies

Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand

Cited by (10)

Hospital management of animal and human bites

Facial bite wounds: Management update

Initial approach to the child who presents with bites or stings

Eikenella osteomyelitis in a chronic nail biter: A case report

Bite wounds and infections

Human bites-The gap in our dermatology textbooks

Original articleEikenella corrodens in human mouth flora☆

Abstract

J Hand Surg

J Hand Surg

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

J Hand Surg

Eikenella corrodens in human bite infections of the hand

J Trauma

Human bite wounds of the hand

J Okla State Med Assoc

Wounds of the hand contaminated by human or animal saliva

J Trauma

Bacteriology of human and animal bite wounds

J Clin Microbiol

Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds in children

Pediatr Infect Dis J

Eikenella corrodens in human bites

Clin Orthop

Glucosenonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria

Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests

Studies in Gram-negative anaerobes II. Gram-negative anaerobic rods with spreading colonies

Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand

Original article
Eikenella corrodens in human mouth flora☆