REM sleep pathways and anticholinesterase intoxication: A mechanism for nerve agent-induced, central respiratory failure
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Dichlorvos-induced central apnea: Effects of selective brainstem exposure in the rat
2011, NeuroToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Other sites in the ventral region of the medulla are involved in respiratory control and contain cholinergic synapses, including the ventral surface of the medulla (Nattie et al., 1989), the nucleus ambiguus (Jordan and Spyer, 1981) and the retrotrapezoid nucleus (Rosin et al., 2006). These and other brainstem sites may be involved in OP-induced central apnea, for example by affecting chemo-responsive or rhythm generating respiratory neurons or by inhibiting inspiratory drive through pontine cholinergic circuits (Kok, 1993). The hypothesized role of the brainstem in OP-induced central apnea has not been tested directly using validated models of OP poisoning, but the idea is supported indirectly by observations that perturbations of synaptic ACh in circuits involved in breathing cause changes in the pattern of respiratory activity.
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