Four isoforms of tyrosine hydroxylase are expressed in human brain
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Modeling Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Testing Interventions for Adrenal Insufficiency Using Donor-Specific Reprogrammed Cells
2018, Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :Morphologically, all cell types similarly underwent a dramatic change of shape 48–72 hr post-transduction, acquiring an irregular stellate morphology with concomitant reduction of the cytoplasmic volume (Figure 1G; Figure S2D; Movie S1). Despite the neuronal-like morphology, absence of mRNA expression of the neuroectoderm marker paired box gene 6 (PAX6) (Zhang et al., 2010) and the dopaminergic neuronal marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (Lewis et al., 1993) ruled out that these cells could be neuronal-like functionally (Figure S2C). Electron microscopy images showed larger mitochondria with a densely packed inner mitochondrial membrane in USCs-hiSCs in comparison with controls (Figure 1H).
Structural insights into the regulation of aromatic amino acid hydroxylation
2015, Current Opinion in Structural BiologyCitation Excerpt :The functional differences among the isoforms have not been established. The kinetic properties are very similar, although increasing the length of the regulatory domains somewhat attenuates catecholamine inhibition [4], and the levels of expression vary within different areas of the brain [3]. Ser31 of human isoform 1 is a phosphorylation site; the insertion may change the kinase responsible for phosphorylating this residue [5].
Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Synaptic Transmission: Classical Transmitters
2014, From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience: Third Edition