Reduced GABA uptake sites in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia☆
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2017, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Substantial evidence indicates that cortical GABA neurotransmission is altered in SCZ (Lewis, 2011). Early post-mortem studies of SCZ revealed evidence of decreased GABA synthesis (Bird et al., 1978) and uptake (Simpson et al., 1989), and increased GABAA receptors binding in the neocortex (Hanada et al., 1987). More recently, studies conducted by a number of research groups, using different techniques and cohort subjects, have consistently found reduced levels of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 mRNA and protein levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Guidotti et al., 2000; Vawter et al., 2002; Straub et al., 2007; Mellios et al., 2009; Duncan et al., 2010), orbitofrontal, superior temporal, anterior cingulate, primary motor and visual cortex (Impagnatiello et al., 1998; Woo et al., 2004; Hashimoto et al., 2008; Thompson et al., 2009), increased GAD25/GAD67 and NKCC1/KCC2 ratios (Hyde et al., 2011), decreases in the GABA transporter, GAT1 (Ohnuma et al., 1999; Hashimoto et al., 2008), and alterations in the expression of different GABAA receptor subunits, including decrease in mRNA for α1, α5, β2, δ, and θ subunits and increase in α2 and ρ2, subunits (Lewis et al., 2005; Hashimoto et al., 2008; Beneyto et al., 2011; Fatemi et al., 2013).
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This work was supported by the North West Regional Health Authority and the Wellcome Trust.