Distribution of medical insurance in China
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Cited by (59)
Equity in health-care financing in China during the progression toward universal health coverage
2020, China Economic ReviewCitation Excerpt :In the era of the planned economy, health insurance in urban areas was provided through the Government Welfare Insurance Scheme (GWIS) and the Labor Insurance Scheme (LIS). The former mainly covered civil servants and government employees, college students, and veterans, while the latter covered workers and their dependents across all formal sectors of the economy (Henderson et al., 1995; Yip et al., 2009). As a pivotal guarantee of access to primary health care, the Cooperative Medical Scheme (CMS) was designed for the rural population, who were much poorer than urban residents (Wang et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2016).
An economic evaluation of the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the expanded program of immunization of Guizhou province, China
2012, VaccineCitation Excerpt :Further, our acute cost data survey was based on charges from hospitals. Regarding the latter limitation, given the low level of health insurance coverage in Guizhou and the method through which costs were traditionally reimbursed in China, charges were likely to be very similar if not the same as actual costs [14,33,34]. Finally, similar to many cost effectiveness evaluations, our study was a theoretical evaluation of the EPI program in that we modeled changes in incidence and costs (we did not observe actual changes in incidence and cost).
Health policy reform in China: Lessons from Asia
2009, Social Science and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Of those who remained covered, the benefits were often reduced through higher co-payment requirement. Many financially troubled enterprises also began to renege on their commitment to reimburse their employees' medical expenses (Henderson et al., 1995). Third, the dismantling of collective farms during the 1980s led to the demise of the Cooperative Medical System (CMS), leaving the vast majority of rural population without any form of health care coverage.
Policy-related determinants of child nutritional status in China: The effect of only-child status and access to healthcare
2009, Social Science and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Health system reform appears to have had important consequences for access to care. In the public sector, there was evidence of rising user fees and out-of-pocket expenditures throughout the 1990s (World Bank, 1997), possibly attributable to the introduction of hard budget ceilings (Hsiao, 1995; Liu & Mills, 2002), as well as declining insurance coverage and higher co-payments (Akin, Dow, & Lance, 2004; Henderson et al., 1995). In addition, government spending on preventive facilities (Liu, 2004) and at the lower levels of service provision (Liu & Mills, 2002) fell substantially.
From plan to market in the health sector?. China's experience
2008, Journal of Asian EconomicsCan insurance increase financial risk?. The curious case of health insurance in China
2008, Journal of Health Economics