Flow rates of ions in waters percolating through a model ecosystem with forest trees

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(90)90029-C

Environmental Pollution

Volume 68, Issues 3–4, 1990, Pages 231-252

https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(90)90029-C Get rights and content

Abstract

From 1983–88 the long-term effects of low level exposure with O₃, SO₂ and simulated acid rain on mineral cycling in model ecosystems with spruce, fir and beech seedlings were investigated. Systems consisting of open-top chambers built above lysimeters were protected against the intrusion of ambient rain and dust. As part of the investigations on mineral cycling the fluxes of elements with water input and output of the canopy and soil compartments are presented. During the 5 year duration of the experiment, pronounced effects on canopy deposition and cation leaching were observed. Most noticeable were throughfall enrichment with sulfate through dry deposition of SO₂ as influenced by duration of needlewetting and factors promoting SO₂ oxidation. Depending on sulfur deposition, leaching of calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and ammonium from canopies was elevated, in total leading to enhanced soil input of acid. After 15 months, the water percolating the soils in the lysimeters of these treatments was acidified, with elevated flowrates of sulfate, manganese, calcium and magnesium. The results on canopy/soil leaching are compared to those from old conifer stands in the field.

References (44)

A. Adam et al.
Ergebnisse niederschlagsanalytischer Untersuchungen in südwestdeutschen Wald-Ökosystemen 1981–1986
KfK-PEF Bericht
(1987)
D. Ahrens et al.
Die räumliche Verteilung von Luft schadstoffen in Baden-Württemberg. Ergebnisse des Meβprogramms ‘Immissionsuntersuchungen in Waldgebieten’
LFU-Bericht 118/88
(1988)
U. Arndt et al.
Auftreten und Wirkung gasförmiger Luftverunreinigungen in Waldgebieten Baden-Württembergs
VDI-Berichte
(1983)
U. Arndt et al.
Untersuchungen zum Stoffhaushalt von Waldbäumen aus belasteten Modellökosystemen in Open-Top Kammern
VDI-Berichte
(1985)
U. Bauch et al.
Einfluβ einer Kalkung, bzw. Düngung auf den Elementgehalt in Feinwurzeln und das Dickenwachstum von Fichten aus Waldschadensgebieten
Allg. Forstzeitschr.
(1985)
J. Bender et al.
Untersuchungen zur Einzelund Kominationswirkung von SO₂ und O₃ auf den Stoffwechsel von Waldbäumen in Open-Top-Kammern
Angew. Bot.
(1986)
P. Benecke
Der Wasserumsatz eines Buchen- und eines Fichtenwald ökosystems im Hochsolling
M. Berdèn et al.
Soil acidification—extent, causes and consequences. An evaluation of literature information and current research
Nat. Swed. Env. Protection Board, Rep. 3292
(1987)
B. Bergquist
Leaching of metals from a spruce forest soil as influenced by acid precipitation
Water, Air, Soil Pollut.
(1986)
J. Biermann
Mikromorphologische und physikochemische Veränderungen pflazlicher Oberflächen unter Immissionseinfluβ
Diss. Univ. Gieβen
(1987)

C. Bosch et al.

Über die Erkrankung der Fichte (Picea abies Karst.) in den Hochlagen des Bayerischen Waldes

Forstw. Cbl.

(1983)

C.S. Cronan

Controls of leaching from coniferous forest floor microcosms

Plant and Soil

(1980)

R. Dlugi et al.

Die Entstehung sulfat- und nitrathaltiger Partikel und Tropfen in der Atmosphäre

KfK-PEF

(1987)

F.H. Evers

Düngung im Wald—Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

KfK-PEF

(1989)

D. Fowler

Removal of sulphur and nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere in rain and by dry deposition

E. Gärtner

Mangangehalte in Altfichten, Boden und Kronendurchlaβ an jeweils gleichen Standorten

VDI-Ber.

(1985)

R. Guderian

Air pollution by photochemical oxidants. Ecol. Studies 52

E.E. Hildebrandt

Zustand und Entwicklung chemischer Eigenschaften von Mineralböden aus Standorten mit erkrankten Waldbeständen

KfK-PEF

(1987)

IUFRO (Subject group S 2.09 Air pollution)

Resolution über maximale Immissionswerte zum Schutz der Wälder

IUFRO News No. 25-3

(1979)

J.M. Kelly et al.

Soil nutrient leaching in response to simulated acidic rain

Water, Air, Soil Pollut.

(1987)

G.H.M. Krause et al.

Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Aufklärung der neuartigen Waldschäden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

VDI-Berichte

(1985)

K. Kreutzer et al.

Auswirkungen von saurer Beregnung und Kalkung in einem Fichtenbestand (Höglwaldprojekt)

GSF-Berichte, München, 6/89

(1989)

Cited by (6)

Chapter 13 Higher plants as accumulative bioindicators
2003, Trace Metals and other Contaminants in the Environment
This chapter gives an introduction to accumulative biomonitoring with higher plants. The basic difference between active and passive biomonitoring is explained including information about those species routinely used for each approach. The differences and possible advantages over more tech-orientated screening methods are discussed (in awareness of a recurring confusion between the terms “technic” and “scientific”). The reader is confronted with a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that influence accumulation processes including soil conditions deposition patterns plant morphology and many more. A number of important methodical considerations is presented together with some caveats and common pitfalls. The necessity of adequate and comprehensive documentation is discussed as well the particular demands on statistical analysis arising from small sample sizes and ostensible “outlier” values. A summarizing lookup table offers quick orientation among different screening designs. Throughout the chapter the practical relevance of accumulative biomonitoring is illustrated by numerous examples of field studies from different countries and impact situations.
The synergism between SO<inf>2</inf> oxidation and manganese leaching on spruce needles - A chamber experiment
1997, Environmental Pollution
Four year old spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were planted in sand pots and supplied with nutrient solution. Three groups were formed, differing only in manganese nutrition (0.5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 12.5 ppm, respectively). After three months, five individuals of each group were transferred to a dew chamber. For the next seven weeks the trees were sprayed in the evenings, the relative humidity overnight was kept high and the droplets were collected directly from the needles in the mornings. The trees were sprayed with HNO₃ (pH 3.4) during the first three weeks to reduce the natural buffering capacity of the needles. After this time, the trees were sprayed with KCl (1 mM) solution, and NaHSO₃ was added to the chamber resulting in SO₂ concentrations usually between 50 and 150 μg m⁻³. Needles and water samples were analysed.
Foliar Ca seemed to be only a short-time buffer even under optimal Ca supply. A highly significant influence of managanese supply on manganese in needles and droplets was observed, as well as on sulphate, H⁺ and calcium concentrations in the droplets. The SO₂ flux to trees treated with 12.5 ppm Mn was about twice as high as to trees treated with 0.5 ppm Mn. The conclusion is that this is due to a synergism between manganese leaching and catalysis of the SO₂ oxidation by the leached Mn²⁺ ions. The results suggest a positive feedback between (moderate) acidification of soils and SO₂ and NH₃ inputs to terrestrial ecosystems.
Mineral content in the soil and tree foliage
1990, Environmental Pollution
Seedlings of fir (Abies alba Mill.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) were fumigated with SO₂, O₃ and SO₂ + O₃ in open-top chambers (OTCs) for almost 5 vegetation periods. As background stress, simulated rain of pH 4·0 was applied. Nutrient content of soil, soil solutions, and trees was investigated and balanced. In the upper partition of the soil high concentrations of exchangeable Ca²⁺ were found in all chambers. The SO₂ and SO₂ + O₃ treatments led to increased Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ concentrations in soil solution and the pool of exchangeable protons increased. This response was most evident in the SO₂ and SO₂ + O₃ chambers and less clear in the filtered pH 5·0 control chamber. In the SO₂ treatment increased Mn and S levels were found in the needles. Ca content in the needles showed a decreasing trend. O₃ alone had no consistent effect on needle nutrient content.
Stone crushing dust affects the yield and quality of apricot fruit
2018, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Camouflaged as degraded wax: Hygroscopic aerosols contribute to leaf desiccation, tree mortality, and forest decline
2018, Environmental Research Letters
Foliar nutrient contents in tree species of the Atlantic rain forest as influenced by air pollution from the industrial complex of Cubatão, Se-Brazil
2002, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution

^∗: Present address: CCR-Ispra Environment Institute TP050, 1-21020, Ispra Varese, Italy.

View full text

Flow rates of ions in waters percolating through a model ecosystem with forest trees

Abstract

Ergebnisse niederschlagsanalytischer Untersuchungen in südwestdeutschen Wald-Ökosystemen 1981–1986

KfK-PEF Bericht

Die räumliche Verteilung von Luft schadstoffen in Baden-Württemberg. Ergebnisse des Meβprogramms ‘Immissionsuntersuchungen in Waldgebieten’

LFU-Bericht 118/88

Auftreten und Wirkung gasförmiger Luftverunreinigungen in Waldgebieten Baden-Württembergs

VDI-Berichte

Untersuchungen zum Stoffhaushalt von Waldbäumen aus belasteten Modellökosystemen in Open-Top Kammern

VDI-Berichte

Einfluβ einer Kalkung, bzw. Düngung auf den Elementgehalt in Feinwurzeln und das Dickenwachstum von Fichten aus Waldschadensgebieten

Allg. Forstzeitschr.

Untersuchungen zur Einzelund Kominationswirkung von SO2 und O3 auf den Stoffwechsel von Waldbäumen in Open-Top-Kammern

Angew. Bot.

Der Wasserumsatz eines Buchen- und eines Fichtenwald ökosystems im Hochsolling

Soil acidification—extent, causes and consequences. An evaluation of literature information and current research

Nat. Swed. Env. Protection Board, Rep. 3292

Leaching of metals from a spruce forest soil as influenced by acid precipitation

Water, Air, Soil Pollut.

Mikromorphologische und physikochemische Veränderungen pflazlicher Oberflächen unter Immissionseinfluβ

Diss. Univ. Gieβen

Über die Erkrankung der Fichte (Picea abies Karst.) in den Hochlagen des Bayerischen Waldes

Forstw. Cbl.

Controls of leaching from coniferous forest floor microcosms

Plant and Soil

Die Entstehung sulfat- und nitrathaltiger Partikel und Tropfen in der Atmosphäre

KfK-PEF

Düngung im Wald—Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

KfK-PEF

Removal of sulphur and nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere in rain and by dry deposition

Mangangehalte in Altfichten, Boden und Kronendurchlaβ an jeweils gleichen Standorten

VDI-Ber.

Air pollution by photochemical oxidants. Ecol. Studies 52

Zustand und Entwicklung chemischer Eigenschaften von Mineralböden aus Standorten mit erkrankten Waldbeständen

KfK-PEF

Resolution über maximale Immissionswerte zum Schutz der Wälder

IUFRO News No. 25-3

Soil nutrient leaching in response to simulated acidic rain

Water, Air, Soil Pollut.

Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Aufklärung der neuartigen Waldschäden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

VDI-Berichte

Auswirkungen von saurer Beregnung und Kalkung in einem Fichtenbestand (Höglwaldprojekt)

GSF-Berichte, München, 6/89

Untersuchungen zur Einzelund Kominationswirkung von SO₂ und O₃ auf den Stoffwechsel von Waldbäumen in Open-Top-Kammern