Elsevier

Solid State Ionics

Volume 69, Issue 1, April 1994, Pages 59-67
Solid State Ionics

Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4 V lithium/lithium-manganese oxide (spinel) cells

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Abstract

The rechargeable capacity of 4 V LixMn2O4 spinel cathodes (0<x⩽1) has been improved by modifying the composition of the spinel electrode. Stable rechargeable capacities in excess of 100 mAh/g in flooded-electrolyte lithium cells can be achieved if LiMn2O4 is doped with mono- or multivalent cations (e.g. Li+, Mg2+, Zn2+) or, alternatively, with additional oxygen to increase the average manganese-ion oxidation state marginally above 3.5.

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