The elevation of plasma β-endorphin levels in major depression
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IL-10 is associated with increased mu-opioid receptor levels in major depressive disorder
2019, European PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :The variability in the β-EP results across studies may be explained by differences in subgrouping, comorbidity issues, sex difference, drug state of the patients, sample size, etc. (31). All in all, our results that β-EP levels are in increased in MDD are in agreement with a number of other studies revealing that plasma β-EP levels and MOR levels are elevated in MDD [32,33]. There is evidence that endogenous opioids may modulate human mood and that the endogenous μ-opioid tone is dysregulated in depression [34].
Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in β-endorphin dynamics
2015, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :This is confirmed in research with opioid receptor antagonists (Pitman et al., 1990; Glover, 1993). Besides, Risch (1982) and Goodwin et al. (1993) found hightened plasma β-endorphin levels in depression, Kubryak et al. (2012) suggested plasma β-endorphin as an indicator of response to depression treatment, while Darko et al. (1992) obtained correlations of plasma β-endorphin levels with anxiety and phobia in a mixed sample of control and depressed subjects, as well as correlations with obsessions/compulsions in depressed patients only. According to DSM-IV, both PTSD and depression belong to Axis I disorders, for which it was shown to be connected to personality traits (Malouff et al., 2005).
Neuroendocrine feedback control systems: An introduction
2012, Handbook of NeuroendocrinologyPrenatal β-endorphin as an early predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms in euthymic women
2010, Journal of Affective DisordersHistories of major depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence for phenotypic differences
2010, Biological PsychologyThe role of β-endorphin in the pathophysiology of major depression
2009, Neuropeptides