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doi:10.1016/0164-1212(92)90064-Q 
Copyright © 1992 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Success and failure in cooperative expert systems development: A tale of two projects
Available online 14 August 2003.
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Abstract
When a university and a private company cooperate in the development of an expert system, a number of factors can affect the success or failure of the development project. We describe two independent joint development projects, one successful, the other unsuccessful, to provide a comparative illustration of the organizational and project-specific circumstances that affected the outcome of each project. The circumstances include project planning (including initial formalization of the partnership), intra- and interorganization communication, organizational acceptance and assimilation of artificial intelligence technology, management commitment, congruity and consistency of project goals, and availability of the expert being modeled. By citing differences between the two joint ventures in the context of these circumstances, we offer suggestions to the business and academic communities for policies that may enhance the prospects for successful partnership.
