Cell
ArticleHeat shock regulatory elements function as an inducible enhancer in the xenopus hsp70 gene and when linked to a heterologous promoter
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Cited by (149)
Widespread Enhancer Activity from Core Promoters
2018, Trends in Biochemical SciencesMammalian Heat Shock Response and Mechanisms Underlying Its Genome-wide Transcriptional Regulation
2016, Molecular CellCitation Excerpt :Because the global downregulation of transcription is also HSF1-independent, this increase availability of Pol II occurs in both WT and Hsf1−/− MEFs. HSF1 is also capable of acting from a distal enhancer, at least when bound to a site composed of an array of HSEs (Bienz and Pelham, 1986). We identified genes that show HSF1-dependent induction upon HS but do not have HSF1 bound in their promoters (n = 150) (Figure 2G), suggesting that these genes could be regulated by HSF1 acting from distal enhancers.
Architectural and Functional Commonalities between Enhancers and Promoters
2015, CellCitation Excerpt :However, recent FANTOM5 cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) studies argue that the difference in binding site composition might simply result from the fact that enhancers are largely devoid of CpG islands (CGI) and repeats resembling non-CGI promoters (Andersson et al., 2014). Consistently, some older studies showed that interacting promoter-enhancer pairs often harbor common TF binding sites (Bienz and Pelham, 1986; Bohmann et al., 1987; Parslow et al., 1987). Although the local ratio of H3K4me3/me1 has been widely used as a means to distinguish enhancers and promoters, recent studies argue that the three H3K4 methylation states (H3K4me1/2/3) simply reflect dynamic changes in transcription activities of both the promoters and enhancers rather than representing static and intrinsic features of individual regulatory elements.
Isolation and functional analysis of the promoter of the amphioxus Hsp70a gene
2012, GeneCitation Excerpt :This pattern was also found in the B. floridae Hsp70a gene, although only the partial 5′-UTR sequence could be recovered. These observations are different from a canonical Hsp70 promoter identified in other species where the TATA box, CAAT box and HSEs are generally located upstream of the TSS (Bienz and Pelham, 1986; Kingston et al., 1986; Wu et al., 1986; Amin et al., 1987; Molina et al., 2000). The TATA box is a key cis-regulatory element in RNA polymerase II-directing gene transcription.
The plant heat stress transcription factor (Hsf) family: Structure, function and evolution
2012, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory MechanismsCitation Excerpt :The G and C residues positioned in the major groove on opposite sites of the DNA helix are essential for HSE function [25]. Usually more than two HSE motifs are required, and in addition, details of the HSE fine structure as well as promoter or chromatin context are crucial for efficient binding of the Hsf oligomers [30, 32–35]. HSE independent binding sites for Hsfs are a matter of frequent speculations.
A novel estrogen eceptor intramolecular folding-based titratable transgene expression system
2009, Molecular TherapyCitation Excerpt :The use of regulatable gene expression systems are not only restricted to gene therapy applications, but they should also be useful for different functional genomic studies.3 Several early regulatable gene expression systems were developed by using promoters responsive to naturally occurring physical and chemical stimuli such as heat, electric, light, and heavy metal–inducible promoters.4,5,6,7 Although all these natural promoters perform reasonably well in controlling the levels of transgene expression, adopting them for mammalian gene therapy applications is difficult because of the potential hazardous effects associated with their activators/regulators.
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Present address: Zoological Institute, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.