Dissolution and diffusion of helium in graphite

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Abstract

Thermal desorption measurements were performed on three isotropic graphite samples which were exposed to helium gas at 100–700° C under 7–130 kPa for 1 h. Helium atoms which were desorbed from the sample during ramp heating at 10° C/min in vacuum were identified with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Helium was dissolved into graphite for a few ppm in atomic fraction. The thermal desorption curve for ISO-880U appears to consist of two peaks (450 and 620° C) after helium gas exposure at above 500° C. The helium desorption can be ascribed to the diffusion-controlled process where the helium atoms may leave through bulk surface and open pores.

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    We find that there are certain new properties of graphite observed in the sphere-in-contact model, and these are attributed to the use of proper scale and proportions. Based on these physical model it becomes obvious that diffusion through the layer is unlikely [34], except for elements with small relative atomic mass (e.g., Helium [35]), but diffusion between the layers (e.g., Lithium-cation [36]) is possible due to a gap of 2.0 Å between two consecutive layers of graphite. This gap can fit small molecules, for example it fits water with its symmetry axis lying along the basal plane as the vdW radius of oxygen is 1.52 Å), which explains the exfoliation of graphene from graphite in water [37] and the diffusion of water in graphite-oxides (GO) [38].

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