Effects of flocculation conditions on agglomerate structure
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A floc structure perspective on sediment consolidation in thickened tailings
2022, Chemical Engineering ScienceThe macro-structure of quartz flocs
2022, Powder TechnologyCitation Excerpt :Aggregates produced by the first two stages of growth (flocculi and micro-flocs) are held together by strong (surface) forces, while larger macro-flocs are mostly held together by mechanical entanglement [3]. As a result, macro-flocs are quite weak and they tend to break preferentially at points of contact between the smaller, denser micro-flocs [4,5] by two main mechanisms: large scale fragmentation (due to tensile stress) and surface erosion (due to shear stress) [6]. Klimpel and Hogg observed three distinct slopes on a plot of floc solids volume fraction, ϕs, versus floc size in polymer-flocculated quartz aggregates [4].
Metal pollutant pathways in cohesive coastal catchments: Influence of flocculation and biopolymers on partitioning and flux
2021, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :The total surface area (Amin) of a floc population is a function of the floc size, frequency (n), and SPM concentration (SPMC) and is shown to increases with salinity under τHi conditions (Fig. 3). SPMC(Min), however, decreases as a result of higher settling velocities of larger, less dense flocs (Klimpel and Hogg, 1986). Similarly, the floc frequency (n(Min)) declines, which is both a function of lower SPMC(Min) and more efficient flocculation, which results in larger flocs comprised of more primary particles (Manning, 2004).
Effect of shear conditions on floc properties and membrane fouling in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process-The significance of Al <inf>b</inf> species
2012, Journal of Membrane ScienceCitation Excerpt :Francois [14] noted that floc strength factor increased from 23.9 to 29.3 for kaolin flocs formed with longer rapid mix time between 0 and 360 s and a similar increase in strength factor from 17.5 to 26.5 was also observed for flocs formed with increased slow stir shear rate between 21 and 54 s−1. Klimpel and Hogg [15] demonstrated that higher mixing intensity led to larger fractal dimension, which was related to floc structure. Tambo and Hozumi [16], Smith and Kitchemer [17] and Peng and Williams [18] also demonstrated that chemical and mixing conditions had a large influence on aggregates.
Advective flow of non-homogeneous permeable sphere in an electrical field
2012, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering AspectsCitation Excerpt :In our previous paper [3], flows for permeable spheres with uniform permeability in an electrical field were theoretically investigated. Experimental and numerical investigations showed that structures of numerous colloidal aggregates are nonhomogeneous [19–21]. An aggregate formed through a growth processes in which smaller particles are added to the exterior of a “seed” aggregate can have permeability varied in its radial location [22–26].
Filtration characteristics of a mineral mud with regard to turbulent shearing
2008, Journal of Membrane Science