Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
Formation of field-aligned irregularities in the magnetosphere
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The impact of cold electrons and cold ions in magnetospheric physics
2021, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial PhysicsCitation Excerpt :The formation of ducts seems to be associated with convection: as soon as magnetospheric convection increases, the plasmasphere is observed to suddenly become structured (Borovsky and Denton, 2008) and density ducts have been observed to form when traveling ionospheric disturbances pass (Loi et al., 2016). Ideas about the causes of the density ducts include (1) interchange instabilities (Cole, 1971; Jacobson et al., 1996; Pierrard and Lemaire, 2004; Buzulukova et al., 2008), (2) thunderstorm electric fields (Park and Helliwell, 1971; Rodger et al., 1998), (3) ionospheric feedback (Park and Banks, 1974), and (4) ULF waves (Adrian et al., 2004). For density structures near the plasmapause, the drift-wave instability (Hasegawa, 1971) and the pressure-gradient instability (Richmond, 1973) have been considered.
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