Met-enkephalin attenuates morphine tolerance in rats

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    Yet, these issues are important to clarify the role of opioids in conditions that produce analgesia, such as stress (Yamada and Nabeshima, 1995), acupuncture (Han, 2003) or pain (Gear et al., 1999). Moreover, there is evidence that opioids produce less tolerance than morphine (Graf et al., 1979; Noble et al., 1992; Whistler et al., 1999). Hence, if it were possible to produce analgesia by stimulating opioid release, this would provide a valuable alternative to the use of opiate drugs.

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    It is unclear, however, why the DBTC/HSV-β-gal group had somewhat more met-ENK expression in spinal cord or why there was more apparent histological disruption in the pancreas than in the vehicle control with pancreatitis. (ii) Studies have shown that endogenous opiates or other manipulated gene products can affect nociceptive responsivity.26,27,28,29,30 In some models, the effectiveness of overexpressed met-ENK has been shown to persist despite the known gradual decrease in effectiveness for diminishing neuropathic pain in rats after chronic administration with opiates such as morphine after 7 days.29

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