Research reportEffects of acute tilt from orthostatic to head-down antiorthostatic restraint and of sustained restraint on the intra-cerebroventricular pressure in rats
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2022, Acta AstronauticaCitation Excerpt :Changes in position result in fluid redistribution, and physical activity regulates CV conditioning; both of these are affected during spaceflight. The cephalic fluid shift leads to cardiovascular changes in both HLU rats and astronauts, as shown in many studies [82–85]. Adult HLU rats show no difference in heart mass or function [86].
Effects of spaceflight on the murine mandible: Possible factors mediating skeletal changes in non-weight bearing bones of the head
2016, BoneCitation Excerpt :Flight studies with rats have likewise shown regional changes in bone properties, including bone loss in the long bones of the hindlimbs and increases in BMD and Ca2 + and P content in the skull [10,11]. Rats subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU), a ground-based animal model which produces skeletal unloading and a headward fluid shift [12–14], have similarly demonstrated a loss of bone mineral content and density in hindlimb bones [15–17] and increases in bone mass, BMD, and Ca2 + content in both the skull and mandible [12,18–21]. These studies all support the notion that bone properties change in both actual and simulated microgravity and are associated with changes in tissue fluid pressure redistribution.
Facts and myths of cerebrospinal fluid pressure for the physiology of the eye
2015, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :Correspondingly, studies have suggested a positive correlation between the CSFP and IOP (Li et al., 2012; Jonas et al., 2014a). While the circadian cycle of IOP is quite well known (Mansouri et al., 2012), the circadian pattern of the CSFP is less clear, suggesting a nocturnal elevation in CSFP (Maurel et al., 1996). It is another similarity between IOP and CSFP, since both increase at night in the supine position.
Chapter 3 Nuclear Xenobiotic Receptors. Integrating Gene Regulation to Physiological Functions
2009, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational ScienceCitation Excerpt :Among the 78 mouse and 65 human CYP enzymes itemized within the current build of the Unigene sequence databank, a significant number of these enzymes are known to be induced by various environmental pollutants, pharmaceuticals, or steroid metabolites. Among CYP enzymes, the CYP3A isozymes are of particular medical significance since they are involved in the metabolism of more than 50% of clinical drugs as well as neutraceuticals and herbal medicines.38 In 1998, PXR was isolated as a xenobiotic receptor regulating CYP3A gene expression.28,32,33,39
The Hindlimb Unloading Rat Model: Literature Overview, Technique Update and Comparison with Space Flight Data
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