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Early changes of immunoreactivity to orexin in hypothalamus and to RFamide peptides in brainstem during the development of hypertension
2021, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :All data presented as mean ± S.E.M. Because SHRs are more active than WKYs [33,56] and there is a day/night difference in the number of ORX cells, in rodents being higher during the nocturnal activity period [32], all animals in our study were sacrificed near the middle of the sleep period at ZT5. Hereby we aimed to investigate the interaction between ORX levels and blood pressure rather than changes in (locomotor) activity.
The dynamics of GABA signaling: Revelations from the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
2017, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCircadian rhythms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The what, the when and the why
2016, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Moreover, significant alterations in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of SHR are present, including phase advances in wheel running behaviour under light–dark cycles, as well as shortened circadian period in free-running conditions in constant light or constant darkness (Peters et al., 1994). Additionally, SHRs differ in their responses to phase advances and delays of the light–dark cycle, with SHRs taking significantly longer to entrain to a phase delay, whilst being significantly quicker to entrain to a phase advance compared to controls (Peters et al., 1994). SHRs have also been found to differ from the Wistar–Kyoto rat control model (WKY) in its light sensitivity (Rosenwasser, 1993; Rosenwasser and Plante, 1993), and sleep alterations in the SHR model in comparison to WKY have been observed, including more frequent interruptions to sleep being found in SHRs (Kuo et al., 2004).
Circadian disruption and SCN control of energy metabolism
2011, FEBS LettersCitation Excerpt :In other words, it is tempting to speculate that one of the mechanisms underlying the increased CRH activity in hypertensive patients is a diminished inhibitory input from the SCN. In line, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show a change in SCN activity, although in this case it is an increased activity of the VIP neurons [178,179]. The main question that remains is whether these changes are a cause or a consequence of the disease.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and autonomic nervous system influences on awakening from sleep
2010, International Review of NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Repeated melatonin administration reduced ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 6 and 4 mmHg, respectively (Scheer et al., 2004). Interestingly, spontaneously hypertensive rats also show a change in SCN activity, although in this case it is an increased activity of the VIP neurons (Avidor et al., 1989; Peters et al., 1994). This reversal in the direction of changes in SCN activity could be a result of the reversed relation between blood pressure and SCN neuronal activity in diurnal and nocturnal species; i.e., in humans an increasing blood pressure during the light period goes hand in hand with an increased neuronal activity of the SCN, whereas in nocturnal species the increasing SCN activity during the light period results in a decreased blood pressure (Cuesta et al., 2009).
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Present address: Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Ave., Worcester, MA 01655, USA.