Characterization of eight biogenic indoleamines as substrates for type A and type B monoamine oxidase
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2016, European NeuropsychopharmacologyCitation Excerpt :This receptor modulates the activity of many other proteins, conferring stability against cellular stress, and promoting brain plasticity (Chu and Ruoho, 2016; Tsai et al., 2009). When administered to humans parenterally, DMT induces intense modifications of the ordinary state of awareness with intense visual effects, but it is devoid of psychoactivity when taken orally (Riba et al., 2015) due to degradation by MAO (Suzuki et al., 1981), and cytochrome-dependent mechanisms (Riba et al., 2015). The presence of the MAO-inhibiting β-carbolines in ayahuasca prevents is enzymatic degradation and allows its oral bioavailability (Riba et al., 2003a).
Behavioral and pharmacokinetic interactions between monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
2016, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :One possible explanation for the interaction between 5-MeO-DMT and MAOIs is that MAOA inhibition alters the pharmacokinetics of 5-MeO-DMT. The primary route of metabolism for 5-MeO-DMT is oxidative deamination by MAOA (Agurell et al., 1969; Squires, 1975; Suzuki et al., 1981; Yu et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2010a, 2010b). MAOIs are known to increase blood and brain concentrations of 5-MeO-DMT (Narasimhachari et al., 1979; Sitaram et al., 1987).
Behavioural and neurotoxic effects of ayahuasca infusion (Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis) in female Wistar rat
2015, Behavioural ProcessesCitation Excerpt :DMT, a non-selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT; Fig. 1) receptor agonist, elicits its effect through stimulation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (Smith et al., 1998), an action that may be attenuated by its interaction with 5-HT1A receptors (Halberstadt and Geyer, 2011). However, unlike other hallucinogens, DMT is inactive when administered orally, as it is readily metabolized by monoamine oxidases (MAO) (Suzuki et al., 1981; Riba et al., 2014). β-carbolines, mainly harmine and harmaline, inhibit MAO activity (Wang et al., 2010), and therefore block the metabolic breakdown of DMT in the liver and gut.
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