The glycolipid of Halobacterium trapanicum

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Abstract

The structural elucidation of the polar lipids in Halobacterium trapanicum is reported with particular emphasis on a new sulfated disaccharide derivative of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol. The full structural designation of this glycolipid is 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-1-O-(mannopyranosyl-(2-sulfate)-α-d-1-2-glucopyranosyl-α-d)-sn-glycerol. The value of glycoli structures in the taxonomy of halophilic Archaea is also discussed.

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Cited by (10)

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    The analysis of the polar lipids, as required by the minimum standards for the description of the members of the Halobacteriales, leads to a reasonable knowledge of their membrane components (Oren et al., 1997), but is rather scanty in other euryachaeota and crenarchaeota. However, some 2,3-di-O-isopranyl sn-glycerol diether (archaeol)- and ditetraterpenediyl glycerol tetraether (caldarchaeol)-derived phospholipids and glycolipids appear throughout this domain, namely of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerolphosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, several sulfated glycolipids, glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol and glucosylphosphatidylinositol, among others (Ferrante et al., 1987; Koga et al., 1993; Koga and Morii, 2005; Morii et al., 1999; Nishihara et al., 1992; Trincone et al., 1993). Archaea also possess very rare polar lipids like those containing gulose and mannose in Thermoplasma acidophilum (Shimada et al., 2002) (Figure 3).

  • 25 Characterization of Lipids of Halophilic Archaea

    2006, Methods in Microbiology
    Citation Excerpt :

    Here we report a few examples of the variants of glycolipid structures of Halobacteriaceae. The sulfated diglycosyl archaeol S-DGD-1 (1-O-[α-d-mannose- (6′-SO3H)-(1′→2′)-α-d-glucose]-2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol) is the major glycolipid in the genus Haloferax (Kushwaha et al., 1982); while S-DGD-3 (1-O-[α-d-mannose-(2′-SO3H)-(1′→4′)-α-d-glucose]-2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol) or S-DGD-5 (1-O-[α-d-mannose-(2′-SO3H)-(1′→2′)-α-d-glucose]-2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol) have been found in representatives of the genus Halorubrum (Tindall, 1990; Trincone et al., 1990, 1993). In the genus Halobacterium, the major glycolipid is the sulfated triglycosyl archaeol S-TGD-1(1-O-[β-d-galactose-(3′-SO3H)-(1′→6′)-α-d-mannose-(1′→2′)-α-d-glucose]-2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol) (Kates, 1978); in addition, the sulfated tetraglycosyl archaeol S-TeGD (1-O-[β-d-galactose)- (3′-SO3H) (1′→6′)- α-d-mannose-(3←1′)- galactofuranose-(1′→2′)-α-D-glucose]-2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol) has been also found (Smallbone and Kates, 1981).

  • Osmotic shock stimulates de novo synthesis of two cardiolipins in an extreme halophilic archaeon

    2004, Journal of Lipid Research
    Citation Excerpt :

    The abbreviated names of purified individual lipids are also reported in Fig. 1. As it is known that H. trapanicum contains a glycolipid called S-DGD-5 (2-HSO3-Manp-α1,2-Glcp-α1,1-sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol) (13), we refer to the major glycolipid of MdS1 cells as S-DGD-5. Comparing the two lipid extracts, it is evident that the lipid extract of lysed cells contains a higher archaeal cardiolipin content and a lower PG content than does the lipid extract of whole cells.

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