Binding of human apolipoprotein A-IV to human hepatocellular plasma membranes

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(90)90311-K

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism

Volume 1044, Issue 2, 22 May 1990, Pages 255-261

Biochimica et Biophy...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(90)90311-K Get rights and content

Abstract

We have investigated the binding of human apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) to human hepatocellular plasma membranes. Addition of increasing concentrations of radiolabeled apo A-IV to hepatic plasma membranes, in the presence and absence of a 25-fold excess of unlabeled apo A-IV, revealed saturation binding to the membranes with a K_D of 154 nM and a binding maximum of 1.6 ng/μg of membrane protein. The binding was temperature-insensitive, partially calcium-dependent, abolished when apo A-IV was denatured by guanidine hydrochloride or when the membranes were treated with Pronase and decreased when apo A-IV was incorporated into phospholipid/cholesterol proteoliposomes. In displacement studies using purified apolipoproteins and isolated lipoproteins, only unlabeled apo A-IV, apo A-I and high-density lipoproteins effectively competed with radiolabeled apo A-IV for membrane binding sites. We conclude that human apo A-IV exhibits high-affinity binding to isolated human hepatocellular plasma membranes which is saturable, reversible and specific.

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Cited by (40)

Apolipoprotein A-IV: A protein intimately involved in metabolism
2015, Journal of Lipid Research
Citation Excerpt :
A recent report has suggested a potential role for apoA-IV in ameliorating diabetes after gastric bypass. Initially, plasma apoA-IV decreases markedly a short time after bypass surgery or in patients undergoing weight loss, but the level rises after several months (146). In agreement with other studies, body weight, obesity-related comorbidities, and medication needs decreased in these obese patients who had elevated apoA-IV following RYGB, and their mortality was decreased by 40% (147).
The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the physiological roles of apoA-IV in metabolism, and to underscore the potential for apoA-IV to be a focus for new therapies aimed at the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders. ApoA-IV is primarily synthesized by the small intestine, attached to chylomicrons by enterocytes, and secreted into intestinal lymph during fat absorption. In circulation, apoA-IV is associated with HDL and chylomicron remnants, but a large portion is lipoprotein free. Due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and because it can mediate reverse-cholesterol transport, proposed functions of circulating apoA-IV have been related to protection from cardiovascular disease. This review, however, focuses primarily on several properties of apoA-IV that impact other metabolic functions related to food intake, obesity, and diabetes. In addition to participating in triglyceride absorption, apoA-IV can act as an acute satiation factor through both peripheral and central routes of action. It also modulates glucose homeostasis through incretin-like effects on insulin secretion, and by moderating hepatic glucose production. While apoA-IV receptors remain to be conclusively identified, the latter modes of action suggest that this protein holds therapeutic promise for treating metabolic disease.
Specific sequences in N termini of apolipoprotein A-IV modulate its anorectic effect
2013, Physiology and Behavior
Citation Excerpt :
The first could be a direct interaction, such as through a specific protein–protein interaction (i.e. a receptor). There have been several reports of specific binding of apoA-IV to various cell types [25–27] although a specific binding protein has not been identified. Another possibility is that apoA-IV might be able to work through an indirect pathway such as manipulating the lipid content of the neuronal membrane to exert its activity.
Rodent apoA-IV is expressed predominantly in small intestine and also expressed to a small extent in liver and hypothalamus. ApoA-IV has been shown to inhibit food intake in rats when injected centrally. In the current study, we hypothesize that a specific sequence within rat apoA-IV is responsible for mediating the anorectic effect. We use a bacterial expression system to generate truncation mutants (Δ249–371, Δ117–371 and Δ1–61) of rat apoA-IV and assess the ability of various regions of the molecule to inhibit food intake. The results indicate that a responsible sequence exists within the N-terminal 61 amino acids of rat apoA-IV. Synthetic peptides (1–30 EVTSDQVANVMWDYFTQLSNNAKEAVEQLQ, 1–15 EVTSDQVANVMWDYF and 17–30 QLSNNAKEAVEQLQ) were used to specify the region in between residues 1 and 30. A 14-mer peptide (17–30) encompassing this sequence was capable of reducing food intake in a dose-dependent manner whereas a peptide designed on a more C-terminal region (211–232) of apoA-IV (QEKLNHQMEGLAFQMKKNAEEL) failed to exhibit the dose-dependent anorectic effect. The isolation of this sequence provides a valuable tool for future work directed at identifying apoA-IV binding proteins and is a key step for exploring the potential of therapeutic manipulation of food intake via this pathway.
ApoA-IV promotes the biogenesis of apoA-IV-containing HDL particles with the participation of ABCA1 and LCAT
2013, Journal of Lipid Research
The objective of this study was to establish the role of apoA-IV, ABCA1, and LCAT in the biogenesis of apoA-IV-containing HDL (HDL-A-IV) using different mouse models. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of apoA-IV in apoA-I^−/− mice did not change plasma lipid levels. ApoA-IV floated in the HDL2/HDL3 region, promoted the formation of spherical HDL particles as determined by electron microscopy, and generated mostly α- and a few pre-β-like HDL subpopulations. Gene transfer of apoA-IV in apoA-I^−/−× apoE^−/− mice increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and 80% of the protein was distributed in the VLDL/IDL/LDL region. This treatment likewise generated α- and pre-β-like HDL subpopulations. Spherical and α-migrating HDL particles were not detectable following gene transfer of apoA-IV in ABCA1^−/− or LCAT^−/− mice. Coexpression of apoA-IV and LCAT in apoA-I^−/− mice restored the formation of HDL-A-IV. Lipid-free apoA-IV and reconstituted HDL-A-IV promoted ABCA1 and scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI)-mediated cholesterol efflux, respectively, as efficiently as apoA-I and apoE. Our findings are consistent with a novel function of apoA-IV in the biogenesis of discrete HDL-A-IV particles with the participation of ABCA1 and LCAT, and may explain previously reported anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties of apoA-IV.
A three-dimensional homology model of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-IV using cross-linking and mass spectrometry
2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry
Human apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is a 46-kDa exchangeable plasma protein with many proposed functions. It is involved in chylomicron assembly and secretion, protection from atherosclerosis through a variety of mechanisms, and inhibition of food intake. There is little structural basis for these proposed functions due to the lack of a solved three-dimensional structure of the protein by x-ray crystallography or NMR. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that lipid-free apoA-IV exists in a helical bundle, like other apolipoprotein family members and that regions near the N and C termini may interact. Utilizing a homobifunctional lysine cross-linking agent, we identified 21 intramolecular cross-links by mass spectrometry. These cross-links were used to constrain the building of a sequence threaded homology model using the I-TASSER server. Our results indicate that lipid-free apoA-IV does indeed exist as a complex helical bundle with the N and C termini in close proximity. This first structural model of lipid-free apoA-IV should prove useful for designing studies aimed at understanding how apoA-IV interacts with lipids and possibly with unknown protein partners.
Association of apo A-IV 360 (Gln → His) polymorphism with plasma lipids and lipoproteins: The Framingham Offspring Study
2005, Atherosclerosis
The effect of a common apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV polymorphism (substitution of histidine for glutamine at position 360) on plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, and on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size was examined by genotyping in 2322 Caucasian men and women (mean age: 48.9 ± 10.1 years) participating in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). The relative frequencies of the apo A-IV-Gln (apo A-IV-1) and the apo A-IV-His (apo A-IV-2) alleles were 0.932 and 0.068, respectively, and were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No effect of the apo A-IV-2 genotype was observed on plasma triglyceride, total and lipoprotein cholesterol, and LDL particle size in either men or women after adjustment for age and body mass index. To avoid a possible interaction between the apo E genotype and the apo A-IV genotype, subgroup analyses were undertaken in 1,414 male and female subjects with the apo E3/3 genotype. Among women in this group there was a significant effect of the apo A-IV-2 allele on triglyceride levels (p = 0.046). This effect was no longer significant after adjustment for age and BMI (p = 0.074). No significant allele effect on other lipoprotein levels, including Lp(a), was noted in apo E3/3 men or women. We have also conducted a meta-analysis of our own data and of other studies found in the literature, indicating a significant lowering effect of apo A-IV-2 on plasma triglycerides, but no effects on other parameters.
In conclusion, the apo A-IV-2 allele is associated with a modest reduction in plasma triglyceride levels in the general population.
Postprandial changes in the distribution of apolipoprotein AIV between apolipoprotein B- and non-apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in obese women
2003, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
Plasma apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV) level has been shown to be a good marker of triglyceride changes after a high-fat diet. However, the distribution of apo AIV between apo B- and non—apo B-containing lipoproteins (Lp) during the postprandial state has not been described as well as the influence of obesity on this distribution. Our aim was to study the influence of parameters related to obesity and insulin resistance on the postprandial changes in apo AIV-containing Lp after a high-fat meal in obese women. Twenty-three overweight or obese women (body mass index [BMI] ranging from 29.1 and 64.0 kg ⋅1 m⁻²), for whom blood samples were taken after fasting overnight, participated in the study. Thirteen of these obese women were given a fatty meal and, in this case, blood samples were taken at fast and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after ingestion of the fat meal. Apo AIV-containing particle families, Lp B:AIVf (family [f] of particles containing at least apo B and apo AIV) and Lp AIV non-Bf (family [f] of particles containing apo AIV, but free of apo B) were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When fasting, Lp B:AIVf and Lp AIV non-Bf did not correlate with any of the parameters related to obesity and insulin resistance, if one excepts a positive correlation between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and Lp AIV non-Bf. Postprandial lipemia was associated with a trend towards an increase in the plasma levels of apo AIV-containing Lp 6 hours after fat ingestion. The postprandial peak of Lp B:AIVf and Lp AIV non-Bf occurred 2 hours after the triglyceride peak. The distribution between apo B- and non—apo B-containing Lp did not change after ingestion of the fat meal, if one excepts a tendancy towards a lower ratio of bound and nonbound forms at 8 hours. Fasting plasma Lp B:AIVf concentration correlated with the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma triglycerides (β = 0.11, P < .02). In a multivariate analysis, BMI (β = 51.85, P < .001), fasting triglycerides (β = 431.08, P < .01), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 2638.57, P < .005) were independent and positive determinants of the AUC of Lp AIV non-Bf, while waist circumference (β = -23.94, P < .001), cholesterol (β = -1655.02, P < .01), and systolic blood pressure (β = -6.34, P < .05) were negative and independent determinants of this AUC. Fasting Lp B:AIVf may represent a good marker of the postprandial triglyceride increase in obese women. Changes in apo AIV concentrations in apo B- and non—apo B-containing Lp after a fat meal depend mainly on the degree of obesity rather than on insulin resistance. This effect is more obvious for Lp AIV non-Bf than for Lp B:AIVf.

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Binding of human apolipoprotein A-IV to human hepatocellular plasma membranes

Abstract

J. Lipid Res.

J. Lipid Res.

J. Lipid Res.

J. Lipid Res.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Atherosclerosis

Gastroenterology

J. Lipid Res.

J. Lipid Res.

J. Biol. Chem.

J. Lipid Res.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

J. Biol. Chem.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

J. Biol. Chem.

J. Lipid Res.

J. Biol. Chem.

Anal. Biochem.

J. Lipid Res.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

J. Biol. Chem.

J. Biol. Chem.

J. Lipid Res.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

J. Biol. Chem.