Inorganic oxide aerogels

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Abstract

A method of preparation of aerogels of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, MgO and mixed oxides has been developed. The corresponding alcoholate, dissolved in an organic solvent, such as alcohol or benzene, is hydrolyzed at room temperature and the solvent is evacuated under hypercritical conditions in an autoclave. This method does not require the purification of the precipitated metal oxide nor the substitution of an organic solvent for water which is the case when the formation of the initial gel is carried out in water medium. Silica aerogels, having a surface area of 1000 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 18 cm3 g−1 and an apparent density of 0.05 g cm−3 were obtained. These aerogels are hydrophobie but can be converted into hydrophyllic aerogels and may also be made transparent. The transparent silica aerogels are used as Cerenkov radiators for ionizing radiations. Aerogels of other oxides also exhibit high values of their textural characteristics in comparison with those of oxide gels prepared in a conventional way (xerogels). Mixed oxide aerogels (ZrO2-MgO, Al2O3-MgO, TiO2-MgO) exhibit higher surface areas than corresponding

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