Basic scienceEffects of melatonin on suppression of renal scarring in experimental model of pyelonephritis
Section snippets
Animals
A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were kept in specific pathogen-free conditions at room temperature (22° ± 2°C) using a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle and provided with commercially available rat chow and tap water ad libitum. The Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine Animal Care and Ethics Committee approved the study.
Bacteria
The Escherichia coli strain UTI 36, isolated from a previous patient with confirmed acute pyelonephritis and phenotyped for the
Histopathologic Examination
Figure 1 shows the mean scores of the two histopathologic parameters for each group. Analysis of the no-treatment group demonstrated that the severity of scarring correlated directly with the severity of inflammation (r = 0.93, P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found among the groups for each parameter (P <0.0005).
Comment
Sufficient evidence exists that antioxidants, by inhibition or reduction of free oxygen radicals, offer protection against pyelonephritis-induced renal damage.1, 5 The most commonly used and most thoroughly experimentally studied antioxidants are vitamins (ie, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and beta-carotene).1, 5 However, in addition to serving in the direct detoxification of free radicals, they also interact in recycling processes to generate reduced forms of the vitamins. The vitamins also
Conclusions
We have shown that, when combined with antibiotics, melatonin therapy in an experimental model of pyelonephritis provides protection against renal scarring through its broad spectrum of antioxidative and important anti-inflammatory properties, even if treatment is delayed. This observation is potentially clinically useful when the low toxicity in children is considered. However, additional studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration, as well as the long-term results.
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