Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.041

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volume 99, Issue 1, 13 May 2005, Pages 21-30

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.041 Get rights and content

Abstract

The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of 11 plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. The extracts were tested for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay, sea urchin eggs assay, hemolysis assay and MTT assay using tumor cell lines. The extract of Oroxylum indicum showed the highest toxicity on all tumor cell lines tested, with an IC₅₀ of 19.6 μg/ml for CEM, 14.2 μg/ml for HL-60, 17.2 μg/ml for B-16 and 32.5 μg/ml for HCT-8. On the sea urchin eggs, it inhibited the progression of cell cycle since the frist cleavage (IC₅₀ = 13.5 μg/ml). The extract of Aegle marmelos exhibited toxicity on all used assays, but in a lower potency than Oroxylum indicum. In conclusion, among all tested extracts, only the extracts of Oroxylum indicum, Moringa oleifera and Aegles marmelos could be considered as potential sources of anticancer compounds. Further studies are necessary for chemical characterization of the active principles and more extensive biological evaluations.

Introduction

The use of natural products as anticancer agents has a long history that began with folk medicine and through the years has been incorporated into traditional and allopathic medicine. Several drugs currently used in chemotherapy were isolated from plant species or derived from a natural prototype. They include the Vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, isolated from Catharanthus roseus, etoposide and teniposide, the semisynthetic derivatives of epipodophyllotoxin, isolated from species of the genus Podophyllum, the naturally derived taxanes isolated from species of the genus Taxus, the semisynthetic derivatives of camptothecin, irinotecan and topotecan, isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, and several others (Cragg et al., 1993, Cragg et al., 1994, Wang, 1998). According to Cragg and Newman (2000), over 50 % of the drugs in clinical trials for anticancer activity were isolated from natural sources or are related to them.

Most of the research performed today focuses on the development of new drugs to treat cancer, as well as viral and microbial infections. The present study aims to provide data on the cytotoxic potential of 11 extracts from Bangladeshi plants belonging to different families (Table 1) on developing embryos of sea urchins, on tumor cell lines, erythrocytes and brine shrimp nauplii.

Section snippets

Preparation of crude extract

The roots of Hemidesmus indicus and the stem barks of Polyalthia longifolia and Aphanamixis polystachya were extracted with 80% ethanol:water in cold extraction process. The first plant yielded 8.9% extract, the second, 6.87%, and the third, which resulted in two extracts, an oily phase and a solid mass, yielded 2.54 and 8.91%, respectively. The stem bark of Oroxylum indicum the, fruits of Tribulus terrestris and the seeds of Nigella sativa were extracted in a soxhlet apparatus using absolute

Brine shrimp assay

The extract of Aegle marmelos was the only one that showed a positive result in this assay, presenting a LD₅₀ of 17.5 ± 2.0 μg/mL.

Assay on sea urchin embryos

Table 2 shows the results for the sea urchin embryo assay using the plant extracts. The most active extract was the one obtained from Oroxylum indicum, which presented an IC₅₀ around 10 μg/ml in all tested phases of the sea urchin development, first and third cleavages, and blastulae. The extract obtained from Aegle marmelos was also strongly active, inhibiting the first

Discussion and conclusions

In this study, the antimitotic potential of 11 medicinal plant extracts from Bangladesh was investigated. The in vitro antimitotic potential was estimated as the ability of these extracts to inhibit tumor cell line growth and sea urchin egg development. The toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii and the hemolytic activity on mouse erythrocytes were also evaluated.

The extract of Oroxylum indicum showed the highest activity in the MTT assay using tumor cell lines and on sea urchin egg development,

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), Claude Bernard Institute and the Research Support Foundation of Ceará (FUNCAP) for financial support in the form of grants and fellowship awards. MTHK gratefully acknowledges the travel support of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Italy, for his visit to Pakistan through a “South–South Fellowship”. The technical assistance of Silvana França and Fátima Texeira are gratefully acknowledged.

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¹: Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy.

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Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Preparation of crude extract

Brine shrimp assay

Assay on sea urchin embryos

Discussion and conclusions

Acknowledgements

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Phytomedicine

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Toxicon

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Research in Veterinary Science

Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy

Life Sciences

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Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytoterapy and Phytopharmacology

Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytoterapy and Phytopharmacology

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Food and Chemistry Toxicology

Phytomedicine

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Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Mutation Reseach

Neuropharmacological actions of panchagavya formulation containing Emblica officinalis Gaerth and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. in mice

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine

The effect of Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine

A comparative study on the beneficial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and onion (Allium cepa Linn) on the hyperlipidemia induced by butter fat and beef fat in rats

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

The purification and nature of an antiviral protein from Cuscuta reflexa plants

Archives of Virology

In vitro antiviral activity of bael (Aegle marmelos Corr) upon human coxsackieviruses B1-B6

Journal of Communicable Diseases

Biologically active steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris

Die Pharmazie

Chemomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera, Lam, on hepatic carcinogen metabolising enzymes, antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesis in mice

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Antioxidant activity of tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla) in chronic stress induced changes in rat brain

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

Evaluation of ophthacare eye drops-a herbal formulation in the management of various ophthalmic disorders

Phytotherapy Research

Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effect of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on tracheal chains of guinea pig

BMC Pharmacology

Emblica cascading antioxidant: a novel natural skin care ingredient

Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology

Cytotoxic constituents of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula

Journal of Natural Products

The taxol supply crisis. New NCI policies for handling the large-scale production of novel natural product anticancer and anti-HIV agents

Journal of Natural Products