Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.015

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Volume 46, Issue 1, 1 January 2010, Pages 6-12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.015 Get rights and content

Abstract

A low molecular weight fucoidan (DFPS), obtained from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, was separated into three fractions by anion-exchange column chromatography. All three fractions (DF1, DF2, DF3) predominantly contained variety fucose, galactose and sulfate group. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of these fractions were investigated. The results showed that all fractions possessed considerable antioxidant activities, DF1 was most active. All samples inhibited coagulant in APTT, TT and PT assays obviously. Available data presented the content of sulfate group, the molar ratio of sulfate/fucose and sulfate/total sugar, and the molecular weight played an important role on antioxidant and anticoagulant activity.

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including the superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻ radical dot ), hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), singlet oxygen (¹O₂), and nitric oxide (NO) are constantly generated by various physiological functions in the human body [1]. The excessive production of ROS may result in oxidative damage to many large biomolecules, such as lipids, DNA, and proteins [2]. Oxidative stress has been linked with the pathogenesis of many human diseases including alcoholic liver disease, aging, and diabetes [3]. There is growing interest in the use of natural antioxidants for expanding the shelf life of food without the need for synthetic antioxidants, such as butylates hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). These food additives used by the food industry to prevent lipid peroxidation have been reported to possess possible toxic and carcinogenic effects on health [4].

Anticoagulants have been used widely for blood treatment during dialysis and surgery, as medication of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis in various diseases, and for blood testing in vitro [5]. Heparin is the drug of the choice in prevention of thromboembolic disorders for more than 60 years. However, there were some well-documented problems related to its clinical application such as its inefficacy in antithrombin-deficient patients, bleeding complications and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia as severe side effects [6]. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs with low or less side effects for heparin is in high demand.

Fucoidan is cell wall polysaccharides composed of variable amounts of fucose, uronic acids, galactose, xylose and sulfate. Fucoidan has been reported to possess diverse biological activities of potential medicinal value, such as anticoagulant, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antioxidant activities. The anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds has been the most investigated property as researchers attempt to find a substitute for heparin [7].

The brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica, is the most important economic seaweed cultured in China and other countries like Japan and Korea. The utilization of L. japonica as a drug has been documented in traditional Chinese medicine for over a thousand years. Fucoidan extracted from L. japonica is a heteropolysaccharide, mainly made of fucose, galactose and sulfate, with smaller amounts of mannoses, glucuronic acid, glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and xylose. Fucoidan could purify into several fractions from high-uronic-acid-, low-sulfate-, fucose-containing polymers to highly sulfated fucoidan. Our preliminary study had shown that different fractions of fucoidan with different uronic acid and sulfate content had varied antioxidant activity [8]. Evidence from different studies suggested that the antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides were strongly dependent on the degree of sulfation (DS), the molecular weight, the sulfation pattern and glycosidic branches.

Nevertheless, there are very few reports in the literature on the antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of the fractions of the low molecular weight fucoidan (DFPS) extracted from L. japonica. In this paper, we prepared three DFPS fractions in different ratio of sulfate content to fucose using anion-exchange column chromatography, determined their antioxidant activity including superoxide, hydroxyl, DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power and anticoagulant activity in the coagulation assays APTT, PT and TT. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of the DFPS fractions, and described the relationship between chemical properties and antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of different fractions of low molecular weight fucoidan.

Section snippets

Chemicals

DEAE-Sepharose FF was purchased from Amersham biosciences Co. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ferrozine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced (NADH) were from Sigma Chemicals Co. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) were from Taiyang biosciences Co. All chemicals and reagents, unless specified otherwise, were not purified, dried or pretreated. L. japonica, cultured in Shazikou,

Chemical analysis

DFPS was fractionated by stepwise elution from DEAE-Sepharose FF using aqueous sodium chloride of increasing concentration. Three fractions were obtained: DF1, DF2 and DF3 from 0.5 M NaCl, 1.0 M NaCl and 1.5 M NaCl elution on column chromatography, respectively. Almost no polysaccharide was detected in 0.1 M NaCl or 2.0 M NaCl elution. The yield of the three fractions was 5.82%, 59.52%, 8.32%, respectively. The chemical composition of DFPS and its fractions was shown in Table 1. The results showed

Conclusion

The results clearly demonstrated that different DFPS fractions extracted from L. japonica were antioxidative. However, the antioxidant ability of them was quite different, DF1 was most active. A positive correlation has been revealed between sulfate content and superoxide radical scavenging ability. Moreover, the ratio of sulfate content/fucose is an indicator to hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenger and reducing power, which is applicable in the future experiments understanding the relationship

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the key project of Scientific and Technical of Shandong province (2007 GG10005007) and the Innovative key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-209). The authors thank Prof. Zhien Li and Zuhong Xu (Institute of Oceanology, CAS) for their helpful assistance in the experiment.

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Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Chemicals

Chemical analysis

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Fish. Shellfish Immunol.

Cancer Lett.

Semin. Hematol.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol.

Anal. Biochem.

Anal. Biochem.

Anal. Biochem.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

Thromb. Res.

Phytochemistry

Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft Und-Technologie: Food. Sci. Technol.

Pharmacol. Res.

Radical Biol. Med.

Brain Res.