3Adhesion of probiotic strains to the intestinal mucosa and interaction with pathogens
Section snippets
Adhesiveness of probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Pioneering studies by Reid and co-workers16., 17., 18., 19. have demonstrated experimentally that selected Lactobacillus strains of urovaginal origin have adhesive properties that enable them to inhibit and/or prevent the colonization of uroepithelial cells by uropathogens. The same mechanism of action has subsequently been proposed for Lactobacillus strains of intestinal origin. Appropriate polarized and fully differentiated human intestinal cell models in culture that mimic the human
Adhesion mechanisms of probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Lactic acid bacteria display various surface determinants that are involved in their interaction with intestinal epithelial cells. The microbial adhesion process of lactic acid bacteria includes passive forces, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic, steric forces, lipoteichoic acids and specific structures such as external appendages covered by lectins. The bacterial component involved in the adhesion of L. acidophilus strains LB and BG2FO4 was protease resistant and bacterial surface
In vitro demonstration of the activity of lactic acid bacteria against gastrointestinal microbial pathogens
In vitro experimental studies have demonstrated that selected lactic acid strains are effective against diarrhoeagenic bacteria. By producing metabolites such as acetic and lactic acids, and thus lowering the pH, a large number of Lactobacillus strains inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens.59 However, the inhibition of the growth of Shigella sonnei is not caused by pH alone but results from the presence of Lactobacillus-inhibiting substance(s) that are extracellular and diffusible.60 A
In vivo demonstration of the activity of lactic acid bacteria against gastrointestinal microbial pathogens
The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria has been principally investigated using two infected mice models. The first is that of gnotobiotic mice, in which the microflora is missing and the epithelium is not fully differentiated. The second model is that of conventional mice, which have both a microflora and a fully differentiated epithelium. The antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria against some of the bacteria and viruses involved in diarrhoea in humans cannot, however, be
Mechanisms of the antibacterial effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Many mechanisms have been postulated by which probiotics could enhance intestinal health, including competition for limited nutrients, inhibition of the epithelial and mucosal adherence of pathogens, inhibition of epithelial invasion by pathogens, the production of antimicrobial substances and/or the stimulation of mucosal immunity. A group of antibacterial proteins known as bacteriocins, produced by Gram-positive bacteria including lactobacilli, has been shown to display a wide antibacterial
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