Short communicationMuco-cutaneous candidiasis in two pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
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Immunohistochemical characterisation of PCV2 associate lesions in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
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Candidiasis
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Cited by (26)
Vultures from different trophic guilds show distinct oral pathogenic yeast signatures and co-occurrence networks
2020, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :These commensal yeast species can evolve into opportunistic pathogens when an imbalance is generated in their ecological niches due to internal factors (e.g. gastrointestinal disorders) or external factors (e.g. antibiotics), resulting in an alteration (dysbiosis) of the normal microbiota (Hazen, 1995; Mukherjee et al., 2015). In particular, the similar yeast signatures associated with oral mycoses shared by CV and GV comprised major causative pathogens of opportunistic mycoses (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis) in humans and domestic animals, including pigs and chickens (Zlotowski et al., 2006; Pfaller and Diekema, 2007; Waite and Taylor, 2015; Ogasawara et al., 2016; Pitarch et al., 2018; Seyedmousavi et al., 2018; Cafarchia et al., 2019). Some of these animals are medicated with antibiotics, probiotics and other pharmaceuticals, and their carcasses are provided in SFS without passing any residue control or withdrawal period (Blanco et al., 2016, 2017; Gómez-Ramírez et al., 2018), increasing the risk of exposure of vultures to harmful pathogens and veterinary pharmaceuticals.
Veterinary Medicine, Eleventh Edition
2016, Veterinary Medicine, Eleventh EditionPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) enteric disease: An independent condition or part of the systemic disease?
2015, Veterinary MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :PCV2 has been included in the list of agents involved in the intestinal disorders of these animals (Kim et al., 2004; Segalés et al., 2004; Opriessnig et al., 2007). Evidence of immunosupression in PCV2 infected pigs has extensively been reported in regards of several features; for example, the lymphoid depletion observed in infected pigs and the association of PCV2-SD with opportunistic pathogens (Carrasco et al., 2000; Segalés and Mateu, 2006; Zlotowski et al., 2006). Another virus associated with immunosuppression is Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) (Zimmerman et al., 2012).
Epidemiology and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)
2012, Virus ResearchCitation Excerpt :PPV (Allan et al., 1999; Krakowka et al., 2000), PRRSV (Allan et al., 2000a; Harms et al., 2001), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Opriessnig et al., 2004) are the main associated pathogens which were shown to enhance PCV2-associated lesions and increase the incidence of PCVD under experimental and field conditions (Dorr et al., 2007; Pogranichniy et al., 2002; Rose et al., 2003). Some reported co-infections in clinically affected pigs such as Aspergillus spp. (Segalés et al., 2003), Candida albicans (Zlotowski et al., 2006), Chlamydia spp. (Carrasco et al., 2000), or Cryptosporidium parvum (Nunez et al., 2003) are most likely secondary to immunosuppression due to decreased numbers of lymphocytes. The role of immunostimulation, combined with PCV2 inoculation, in inducing clinical disease in gnotobiotic piglets was demonstrated early on (Krakowka et al., 2001).
Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2
2011, Veterinary JournalCitation Excerpt :Porcine parvovirus (Allan et al., 1999; Krakowka et al., 2000), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (Allan et al., 2000a; Harms et al., 2001) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Opriessnig et al., 2004b), all may enhance PCV2-associated lesions and increase the incidence of PMWS under experimental and field conditions (Pogranichniy et al., 2002; Rose et al., 2003; Dorr et al., 2007). Some reported co-infections such as Aspergillus spp. (Segalés et al., 2003), Candida albicans (Zlotowski et al., 2006) or Chlamydia spp. (Carrasco et al., 2000) are most likely secondary to the induced immunosuppression. Non-specific immune stimulation by M. hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, PRRSV and classical swine fever virus vaccines may also potentiate PCV2 replication and increase the severity of PMWS (Kyriakis et al., 2002; Opriessnig et al., 2003; Allan et al., 2007a; Ha et al., 2009b) and there is conflicting evidence that oil-based adjuvants accentuate this effect (Resendes et al., 2004; Hoogland et al., 2006; Krakowka et al., 2007).
Immunosuppression as a feature of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
2006, Veterinary Journal