Original CommunicationFunctional polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and risk for urinary bladder cancer in North India
Section snippets
Materials and methods
We conducted a group-matched case-control study. The participants in this study were unrelated, North Indian individuals from Lucknow and other adjoining cities of north India visiting the Department of Urology at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care center, between May 2004 and June 2009. Our study included 212 histologically confirmed transitional urothelial bladder cancer patients with a mean age of 58.5 years and a male-to-female (M/F) ratio of 187:25.
Characteristics of subjects
A total of 250 controls and 212 cases were recruited for this study. No significant age difference was noted between the cases (58.5 ± 12.4 years) and the controls (56. 8 ± 10.8 years; P = .107). The cases had a significantly higher percentage of smokers (57.4%) than the controls (30.8%; P = .001). The demographic details of the study subjects and the clinical characteristics of the patients are presented in Table I.
Cox-2 gene polymorphisms in bladder cancer
The genotype and allele frequencies of the COX-2 gene polymorphism in healthy
Discussion
COX-2 is an inflammation-associated enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of many solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of COX-2 –765G>C, –1195G>A, –1290G>A, and 8473T>C 3'UTR polymorphisms in a case-control study in a north Indian population. Using the dominant mode model, we found that only –765C allele carriers were significantly associated with a risk of UBC. The risk was increased by an invasive tumor. The gene environment interaction revealed the association between
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Supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi Government of India.