The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide enhances seizure susceptibility in mice: involvement of proinflammatory factors: nitric oxide and prostaglandins
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Animals
Adult male NMRI mice, 28–35 days old, weighing 20–28 g, from Institute Pasteur of Iran (Tehran, Iran; n=600) were used throughout this study. The animals were housed in standard Plexiglas cages with free access to food (standard laboratory rodent's chow) and water. The animal house temperature was maintained at 23±3.0 °C with a 12-h light/dark cycle (light on from 6:00 AM). All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive in such a way to
Effect of LPS on body temperature
During the 8-h recording, there was a gradual decrease in body temperature of the mice receiving no injection or saline (control group). There was no difference in body temperature of both groups in different recording times. Therefore, only the results of saline group are shown in Fig. 1. Moreover, Fig. 1 demonstrates that LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) produces significant hypothermia at 1 h after administration where the mice body temperature is 36.6±0.2 °C compared with saline group (37.4±0.1 °C) at
Discussion
Seizures and epilepsy are common sequels to acute brain insults such as stroke, traumatic brain injury and infection Temkin et al., 2001, Herman, 2002 where there is a certain CNS inflammatory processes Willmore, 1990, Thompson et al., 1993, Li et al., 1997, Leib et al., 1998. Microglia are the principal immune cells in the brain and they become activated in response to injury, infection or inflammation Kreutzberg, 1996, Streit et al., 1998. The bacterial endotoxin LPS is a general inflammatory
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