Dental implant
Effect of Surface Modifications on Early Bone Healing Around Plateau Root Form Implants: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.064Get rights and content

Purpose

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the biomechanical fixation and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of plateau root form implants of varied surfaces.

Materials and Methods

Plateau root form implants, 3.5 mm in diameter, 8 mm in length, with 4 surfaces (n = 16 each)—machined, alumina-blasted/acid-etched, alumina-blasted/acid-etched plus nanothickness bioceramic coating, and plasma-sprayed calcium-phosphate—were used. They were bilaterally placed at the distal femur of 16 New Zealand rabbits and remained in place for 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. After euthanizing the rabbits, the implants were subjected to torque to interface fracture and were subsequently processed as nondecalcified ∼30-μm-thickness slides for histomorphologic analysis and BIC determination. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance at the 95% level of significance, considering implantation time and implant surface as independent variables and the torque-to-interface fracture and BIC as dependent variables.

Results

The torque-to-interface fracture was significantly affected by the implant surface (P < .001) but was not affected by the implantation time (P > .20). The implantation time and implant surface had significant effects on the BIC (P < .04 and P < .001, respectively). The greatest torque-to-interface fracture and BIC was observed for the plasma-sprayed calcium-phosphate.

Conclusion

The implant surface significantly influenced early bone healing around plateau root form implants.

Section snippets

Materials and Methods

This study used plateau root form endosseous Ti-6Al-4V implants 3.5 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length. The plateau root form dental implant differs from the commonly used screw root implant in that it has a series of separate circumferential fins spaced along the bone-interfacing portion of the implant. Such an implant design is not screwed into the osteotomy but tapped into an osteotomy of a diameter similar to the implant diameter.7 For mechanical testing purposes, an external hexagon was

Results

The surgical procedure and follow-up data demonstrated no complications regarding procedural conditions, postoperative infection, or other clinical concerns. No implants were excluded from the study because of clinical instability immediately after euthanization.

The analysis of variance results showed a significant effect of implant surface (P < .001) and no effect of implantation time (P > .20) on the torque-to-interface fracture. Significantly greater values were observed for PSCaP than for

Discussion

Because the surface is the first part of the implant to interact with the host, its texture and chemical configuration have been widely investigated.3, 4, 8 However, depending on the implant bulk design and its osteotomy counterpart, substantially different healing pathways will occur for endosseous implants.5, 7 Thus, depending on the implant bulk design and osteotomy dimensions, the surface modifications could affect the early healing of implants differently.

Although a substantial amount of

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    This study was partially supported by Bicon, LLC, Boston, MA, and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.

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