Nanoarchitectured Fe3O4 array electrode and its excellent lithium storage performance
Section snippets
Introductions
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the dominant power sources for portable electronic appliances. They are also becoming the potential power sources of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) [1], [2], [3], [4]. Unfortunately, the performance of current electrode materials cannot meet the challenge of increasing demand for high capacity and/or high power. To overcome this issue, numerous research efforts to explore new electrode materials with high performance for
Preparation of Cu NAR
All reagents below were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used as received, without further purification. Cu NRA on copper substrate was fabricated by electrochemical reduction of CuO NRA, which was synthesized by oxidation of copper substrate in an alkaline oxidizing solution according to literature [42]. Cu NRA was obtained by electrochemical reduction in a three-electrode cell using Na2SO4 (1 M) as the supporting electrolyte. The CuO NRA and a platinum
Structural characterization of the 3D nanostructured Fe3O4
CuO NRA was prepared by using a one-step oxidation of Cu sheet in alkaline solution [42]. The CuO NRA was then reduced electrochemically into a Cu NRA. The reduction of the CuO NRA can be completed within 10 min at −1.0 V vs. SCE. It has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the CuO NRA was transformed into metallic Cu NRA after the electrochemical reduction (Fig. 1).
The 3D nanostructured Fe3O4 was fabricated by electrodeposition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the Cu NRA. To make Fe3O4
Conclusions
In summary, a 3D nanostructured Fe3O4 anode material was designed by an electrochemical method. The Cu NRA, used as a novel current collector, was fabricated by electrochemical reduction of CuO NRA. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were then grown onto the Cu NRA using electrochemical deposition. The Cu nanoribbons act as both a physical buffering cushion for the intrinsic large volume change and an electrical conducing path. As a result, the 3D nanostructured Fe3O4 electrode can deliver a reversible
Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported NSFC (grant nos. 2093110426, 21003102, 21021002 and 20833005), the “973” program (grant no. 209CB220102), and the “863” program (grant no. 2011AA11A254).
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