Clinical studyCytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study☆
Section snippets
Subjects
The Framingham Heart Study, a population-based cohort examined biennially since 1948, originally comprised 5209 men and women aged 30 to 62 years. During 1992 to 1994, 1166 participants were still alive and 940 attended the 22nd clinic examination. Analyses of cytokines and IGF-1 were carried out in a subsample of 780 participants using blood collected at this examination. The 525 persons whose vital status was known at Examinations 22 through 24, and on whom there were complete data on all
Results
Of 732 possible observations, complete data were available in 525 participants (Table 1). All subjects were living in the community and participated in Examination 22. Although subjects who were excluded and those who were included were similar regarding potential confounding variables and mortality, there were differences for log-stimulated TNF-α (using 1 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide) and log spontaneous interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. However, none of these variables were
Discussion
We hypothesized that subclinical inflammation, via higher levels of catabolic cytokines, especially interleukin 6, and lower levels of the anabolic factor IGF-1, would accelerate sarcopenia and mortality in the elderly. Our results indicate that cellular production of TNF-α, circulating interleukin 6, and circulating IGF-1 are associated with mortality in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly adults, after adjustment for important clinical conditions, body mass index, and smoking. Moreover,
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Supported by NIH/USDA Interagency Agreement AG-4-0245 (RR); NIH grants DK02120 (RR), AG15797 (RR), and AI-15614 (CAD); NHLBI Contract N01-HC-38038; and USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-9-001. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Agriculture or Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.