Preeruptive changes in maxillary canine and first premolar inclinations: A retrospective study on panoramic radiographs

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.06.014

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Volume 146, Issue 4, October 2014, Pages 460-466

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.06.014 Get rights and content

Highlights

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Canine inclination varied significantly between 8 and 10 years of age.
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Premolar inclination and mesiodistal location varied significantly between 8 and 10 years of age.
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There is a strong correlation between changes in canine and premolar inclinations.
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The more the premolar uprighted over time, the more the canine straightened.

Introduction

Because of the close anatomic proximity of the maxillary permanent canine and first premolar, we investigated the relationship between their preeruptive positional changes in this retrospective study.

Methods

Sixty-three pairs of panoramic radiographs obtained 12 to 24 months apart from nonorthodontic subjects between 8 and 10 years old were collected. Canine and premolar inclinations to the midline and mesiodistal sector locations were measured, and their changes over time were estimated. The relationship between changes in canine (Δα) and premolar inclinations (Δπ) was explored alone and after adjustment for intraosseous distance between the teeth (S_c-p) and months between radiographs (ΔM).

Results

Except for right canine sector, both canine and premolar inclinations and sectors showed significant differences between time points. Pearson partial correlation analysis showed a strong, positive correlation between Δα and Δπ after adjusting for S_c-p and ΔM (right: r = 0.766, P <0.05; left: r = 0.785; P <0.05).

Conclusions

Canine and premolar inclinations and mesiodistal locations varied significantly between 8 and 10 years of age. The strong positive correlation between the preeruptive positional changes of the maxillary canine and the first premolar suggested that with a greater uprighting movement of the long axis of the premolar over time, there was greater uprighting of the long axis of the canine.

Section snippets

Material and methods

This was designed as a retrospective study. The study sample was derived from the population of patients at the Department of Orthodontics of the University of Bologna in Italy for orthodontic consultations from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2013. To be eligible for the study, patients had to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (1) availability in the medical records of 2 panoramic radiographs taken 12 to 24 months apart, (2) white ancestry, (3) age at the time of the first panoramic

Results

One hundred twenty-six panoramic radiographs from 63 subjects (32 boys, 31 girls; mean age at the first panoramic radiograph, 9.05 ± 0.79 years) were obtained. Two canine-premolar pairs were excluded from the final sample because of an excessive buccal displacement of the canine that did not allow a proper recognition of the long axis. Because the correlation between Δα and Δπ was the primary endpoint, the achieved sample size allowed detection of small to medium correlation effects of

Discussion

In this retrospective study, we analyzed 63 pairs of panoramic radiographs from Italian subjects aged between 8 and 10 years, in the early mixed dentition stage, not undergoing or not having undergone orthodontic treatment, to provide data comparable with those of the general Italian population of the same age. We focused on the age group of 8 to 10 years, since it is reported as the best time to begin observation of intraosseous movement of the canine.25, 26, 27

Because of the retrospective

Conclusions

A strong positive correlation between the preeruptive positional changes of the maxillary canine and the first premolar between 8 and 10 years of age emerged from this study, probably due to their close anatomic proximity in the alveolar bone. The greater the uprighting movement of the long axis of the premolar over time, the greater the uprighting of the long axis of the canine.

Acknowledgments

We thank Paolo Antonelli (contract professor of medical statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy) for assistance in the statistical analysis.

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Short-term impact of rapid maxillary expansion on ectopically and normally erupting canines
2018, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term impact of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the eruption paths of ectopically and normally erupting maxillary canines in the mixed dentition.
Thirty-two patients with 49 ectopically erupting canines (EEC group; age, 9.53 ± 1.10 years) and 18 patients with 27 normally erupting canines (NEC group; age, 9.25 ± 1.06 years) underwent RME. Thirty-six subjects with 54 normally erupting canines composed the untreated control group (UC group; age, 9.03 ± 0.72 years). Horizontal, vertical, and angular positions of canines and adjacent teeth were evaluated in the expanded (EEC and NEC groups) and unexpanded (UC group) patients using panoramic radiographs taken at 2 times with a 1-year interval. The radiographic evaluation methods included score ranking and proportional measurements to minimize panoramic radiograph limitations. Statistical comparisons were performed among the groups (P <0.05).
Before expansion, the EEC group's canines were significantly closer to the midline, more distant from the occlusal plane, and more mesially angulated than those in the UC group. After expansion, the canine positions in the EEC and UC groups were similar, whereas the NEC group had a more favorable canine position for eruption. The EEC and NEC groups showed similar canine positional changes, whereas the UC group had the smallest changes. The positions of teeth adjacent to the canine were also significantly affected by RME, and these changes may be associated with improvement of the ectopic canine position.
The changes produced by RME reduced the percentage of ectopic eruption paths and maintained the nonectopic eruption percentage.
Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants
2018, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Citation Excerpt :
The erupting canine is gradually uprighted to a more vertical position as if it were guided by the lateral incisor root until fully erupted.18 Preeruptive changes in maxillary canine and first premolar inclinations have been investigated on panoramic radiographs.18-22 Fernandez et al19 found that the canine erupts, increasing its mesial inclination until about 9 years of age, after which it begins to upright progressively.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the eruptive and posteruptive tooth displacements of untreated growing subjects longitudinally and the potential connections between posteruptive displacement of the maxillary and mandibular first molars and skeletal facial growth.
The sample comprised 11 series of right 45° oblique cephalograms and lateral cephalograms of untreated children with metallic implants of the Björk type obtained from the archives of a growth study. Cephalograms generated at approximately 2-year intervals between the ages of 8.5 and 16 years were selected and traced. Superimpositions of serial tracings of oblique cephalograms on stable intraosseous implants were made to determine the displacements of buccal segment teeth in both arches, and superimpositions of serial tracings of lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate growth of the jaws.
Continuous mesial tipping of the maxillary molars was observed from 8.5 to 16 years of age, averaging 8.2° ± 5.5° for the first molars and 18.3°± 8.5° for the second molars. Compared with the maxillary molars, the mandibular first molars showed less change in angulation except in the later mixed dentition when more than half of the subjects had accelerated forward tipping of the first molar in the late mixed dentition associated with migration into the leeway space. Average amounts of cumulative eruption from 8.5 to 16 years of age were 12.1 ± 2.1 mm downward and 3.8 ± 1.7 mm forward for the maxillary first molar. The mandibular first molar showed 8.6 ± 2.3 mm of eruption and 4.4 ± 1.9 mm of mesial migration. Peak velocity of vertical eruption of the maxillary and mandibular first molars corresponded to the skeletal vertical growth spurt. The maxillary canines and first premolars showed remarkable and continuous uprighting migration during eruption, averaging 9.5° ± 5.0° and 10.5° ± 6.7°, respectively. However, when they erupted into the occlusion, their changes in angulation reverted to forward tipping. The same tendency was also found in the mandibular canines and first premolars.
Remarkable eruption and migration occur to the teeth of both arches during childhood and adolescence. Rates of first molar eruption during adolescence follow the general pattern of somatic growth. We infer that maintaining the original distal crown angulation of the maxillary molars may be an effective protocol for preservation of anchorage.
Maxillary first premolar inclination in 8- to 11-year-old children: An observational cross-sectional study on panoramic radiographs
2016, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Citation Excerpt :
This finding supports the hypothesis of a mutual influence between these teeth, probably caused by their anatomic proximity. The same assumption was made in a previous report demonstrating that the greater the uprighting movement of the long axis of the canine over time, the greater that of the first premolar or vice versa in the mixed dentition.6 The influence between first premolar and canine inclinations could also be important in explaining why removal of the maxillary deciduous first molar would improve the uprighting movement of the long axis of the first premolar and assist the eruption of ectopic canines by providing more space for the physiologic uprighting movement of their crown in a distal direction into alveolar bone.11
In this study, we examined first premolar inclination in a large sample.
First premolar inclination, canine inclination, and mesiodistal location were measured on 797 panoramic radiographs of orthodontically untreated children (ages, 8-11 years; 381 boys, 416 girls). The sample comprised 1496 premolars and 1496 canines. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the contribution of age, sex, canine inclination, canine sector location, second molar maturational stage (D-G), and dental arch side on premolar inclination.
First premolar inclination values (medians and interquartile ranges) were 12.76° (8.12°-19.05°) at 8 years, 11.82° (7.87°-16.04°) at 9 years, 10.40° (6.38°-15.46°) at 10 years, and 9.03° (5.42°-12.81°) at 11 years; 13.86° (8.60°-18.78°) at stage D, 10.56° (7.39°-14.77°) at stage E, 10.43° (6.08°-15.09°) at stage F, and 8.00° (4.62°-10.74°) at stage G. The following equation was selected (Akaike information criteria = 424.99): first premolar inclination (°) = –2.211 + 2.240 (8 years) + 1.363 (9 years) + 0.955 (10 years) + 0.387 (canine inclination) + 0.902 (right side) + 2.320 (stage D) + 6.320 (sector 1) + 5.446 (sector 2) + 3.803 (sector 3). There was no difference between percentiles constructed by age and maturational stage.
First premolar inclination decreases during the mixed dentition and is moderately correlated with canine inclination.
Normal pre-eruptive inclinations of maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and first premolar in children aged 6-14 years
2023, Journal of Orthodontic Science
Evaluation of Mesiodistal Root Angulation of Permanent Incisors, Canines, and First Pre-Molars by Orthopantomogram Dental Imaging Findings in 296 Children Aged 6-14 Years
2022, Medical Science Monitor
Multidisciplinary Management of a Severe Maxillary Midline Diastema: A Clinical Report
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: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.

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Original articlePreeruptive changes in maxillary canine and first premolar inclinations: A retrospective study on panoramic radiographs

Highlights

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Section snippets

Material and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod

Semin Orthod

Dent Cadmos

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

J Am Dent Assoc

J Am Dent Assoc

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

The impacted maxillary canine

The unerupted maxillary canine

Dent Pract Dent Rec

Transition of the human dentition. Monograph 13. Craniofacial Growth Series

Original article
Preeruptive changes in maxillary canine and first premolar inclinations: A retrospective study on panoramic radiographs