Calcium metabolism, osteoporsis and essential fatty acids: A review

doi:10.1016/S0163-7827(97)00007-6

Progress in Lipid Research

Volume 36, Issues 2–3, September 1997, Pages 131-151

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7827(97)00007-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

Essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient animals develop severe osteoporosis coupled with increased renal and arterial calcification. This picture is similar to that seen in osteoporosis in the elderly, where the loss of bone calcium is associated with ectopic calcification of other tissues, particularly the arteries and the kidneys. Recent mortality studies indicate that the ectopic calcification may be considerably more dangerous than the osteoporosis itself, since the great majority of excess deaths in women with osteoporosis are vascular and unrelated to fractures or other bone abnormalities. EFAs have now been shown to increase calcium absorption from the gut, in part by enhancing the effects of vitamin D, to reduce urinary excretion of calcium, to increase calcium deposition in bone and improve bone strength and to enhance the synthesis of bone collagen. These desirable actions are associated with reduced ectopic calcification. The interaction between EFA and calcium metabolism deserves further investigation since it may offer novel approaches to osteoporosis and also to the ectopic calcification associated with osteoporosis which seems to be responsible for so many deaths.

References (223)

G.O. Burr et al.
J. Biol. Chem.
(1929)
R. Alfin-Slater et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
(1958)
W.S. Browner et al.
Lancet
(1991)
K. Sone et al.
Pediatrics
(1980)
R.W. Norrdin et al.
Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs
(1990)
P. Bergmann et al.
Bone
(1995)
S.C. Miller et al.
Bone
(1993)
S.C. Miller et al.
Bone
(1993)
A.C. Buck et al.
Urology
(1991)
D.F. Horrobin
Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs
(1995)

D.F. Horrobin

Prog. Lipid Res.

(1992)

B.A. Watkins

Nutr. Res.

(1990)

Y.S. Huang et al.

Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol.

(1988)

J.P. Poisson et al.

Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol.

(1993)

L.K. Bachrach et al.

Am. J. Med.

(1994)

B.A. Watkins et al.

Poultry Sci.

(1987)

A.C. Buck et al.

J. Urol.

(1983)

G. Friedlander et al.

Prostaglandins

(1985)

M.C. Kruger et al.

Nutr. Res.

(1995)

V.K. Rocco et al.

J. Urol.

(1985)

H. Hirayama et al.

J. Urol.

(1988)

P.J. Rothwell et al.

J. Urol.

(1993)

L.J. Morgan et al.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

(1994)

D.B. Goodman et al.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.

(1972)

D.D. Bikle et al.

J. Biol. Chem.

(1978)

T. Matsumoto et al.

Biol. Chem.

(1981)

J.A. Putkey et al.

Biochem. Biophys. Acta

(1982)

M.K. Song et al.

Life. Sci.

(1983)

D. Kreutter et al.

Biol. Chem.

(1983)

D. Kreutter et al.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

(1984)

T.A. Brasitus et al.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

(1984)

T.A. Brasitus et al.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

(1985)

T.A. Brasitus et al.

Biol. Chem.

(1986)

P. Proulx

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

(1991)

H. Coetzer et al.

Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs

(1994)

E.J. McMurchie et al.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

(1979)

H.P. Schedl et al.

Metabolism

(1994)

W.S. Browner et al.

Stroke

(1993)

L.L. Demer

Circulation

(1995)

V.G. Borland et al.

Arch. Pathol.

(1931)

V. Ramalingaswami et al.

Br. J. Derm.

(1953)

H.M. Sinclair

L.A. Biran et al.

Biochem. J.

(1964)

H.M. Sinclair

Lancet

(1956)

M. Laroche et al.

Osteoporosis Int.

(1994)

M. Silberberg et al.

Gerontologia

(1965)

C.W. Denko

Arthritis. Rheum.

(1971)

K. Woo et al.

Pediatrics

(1994)

J.S. Gardiner et al.

Bone Joint Surg.

(1995)

R.S. Yang et al.

Calcif. Tissue. Int.

(1993)

Cited by (159)

n-3 essential fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation improve skeletal health in laying hens
2023, Poultry Science
Keel bone fractures and osteoporosis are prevalent and damaging skeletal issues in the laying hen industry. There is a large interest in improving bone quality parameters to reduce or eliminate these conditions, thus improving bird welfare. Both essential fatty acids (EFA) and vitamin D can play a role in bone metabolism. The hypothesis of this study was that birds supplemented with lower n-6:n-3 EFA ratio or vitamin D would have improved bone properties compared to a control diet. A total of 3,520 Lohmann Brown-Lite pullets were used in this study. Pullets were housed on the floor from 0 to 17 wk of age and then moved to an aviary (17–52 wk of age). Starting at 12 wk of age, birds were split into diet treatments—control, flax, fish, or vitamin D diets with n-6:n-3 ratios of 6.750, 0.534, 0.534, and 6.750, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Basal vitamin D3 levels were formulated to be 2,760 IU/kg across all diets; for the vitamin D diet, the vitamin D3 level was increased to 5,520 IU/kg. Hens on fish and vitamin D diets had greater bone density, keel bone volume, digital bone mineral content, and keel condition compared to flax and control hens. Additionally, birds fed the vitamin D diet had the heaviest body weights compared to birds fed fish or control diets. Birds fed the flax and vitamin D diets had improved feather coverage across multiple body regions. Feeding an n-3 EFA- or vitamin D-enriched diet decreased mortality by 1.6 to 3.3% compared to the control. The fish and vitamin D diets generated mixed production performance. Compared to the other treatments, the vitamin D diet generated higher case weights but lower hen day percentage throughout the study. When compared to the other treatments, the fish diet had the lowest case weights but had a greater hen day percentage after 36 wk of age. Results indicate that a fish-based EFA and vitamin D supplementation show promise in improving skeletal health but require further investigation.
SIRONA: Sustainable Integration of Regenerative Outer-space Nature and Agriculture. Part 2 — Design Development and Projected Performance
2022, Acta Astronautica
A comprehensive Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLiSS) for human Long-duration Space Exploration Missions (LDSEMs) requires an innovative design philosophy and novel technical solutions. SIRONA: Sustainable Integration of Regenerative Outer-space Nature and Agriculture is a greenhouse design that produces a wide variety of food sources and provides life support functions, including access to nature to improve astronaut restoration, relaxation, and recreation. In a previous paper (Hava et al., 2019), risk analyses, technologies, and system architecture were outlined, while this paper describes the foundational Living Systems Centered Design (LSCD) principles that informed the development of the greenhouse. Analyses on projected performance are also carried out to validate design assumptions and constraints.
The efficiency of washout strategy on decreasing the deposit linoleic acid of tilapia fillet and viscera
2022, Aquaculture Reports
This study was designed to explore the effectiveness of washout strategy on decreasing the linoleic acid (LA) deposition in a short time frame to improve the tilapia fillet quality. Two diets of different lipid sources, soy oil diet (S) and fish oil diet (F) were formulated and employed to create three different feeding regimes. The three regimes were; feeding on S diet for six weeks (S6), feeding on F diet for six weeks (F6), and feeding on S diet for three weeks followed by F diet for another three weeks (S3F3). Tilapia with average initial weight of 71 g ± 0.25 had been fed twice daily by hand till satiation for six days weekly. After 6 weeks, linoleic acid decreased (11.6% total fatty acid (TFA) in the fillet of tilapia fed on F6 regime compared to fish fed on S6 regime, which had a linoleic acid content of 25.9% TFA. Fish performance and feed utilization did not differ significantly among feeding regimes except for feed intake, which improved significantly for fish fed fish oil continuously (F6). The feeding regimes had no significant effect on the unsaturated fatty acids of fish viscera except for oleic acid. Higher oleic content noticed in the viscera of fish subjected to soybean oil regimes. The results showed the ability to decrease linoleic acid and the possibility to improve the quality of tilapia fillet for human using fish oil for 6 weeks before harvest. Moreover, it could be concluded that viscera from freshwater fish subjected to washout strategy before harvest can be used as a functional ingredient in aquafeed which is a step toward responsible aquaculture and sustainability.
Genetically determined Vitamin D levels and change in bone density during a weight-loss diet intervention: The preventing overweight using novel dietary strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial
2018, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Obesity is closely associated with bone health. Although diet and weight loss produce many metabolic benefits, studies of weight loss diets on bone health are conflicting. Genetic variations, such as vitamin D levels, may partly account for these conflicting observations by regulating bone metabolism.
We investigated whether the genetic variation associated with vitamin D concentration affected changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to a weight-loss diet intervention.
In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, BMD was measured for 424 participants who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 3 genetic variants [i.e., 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) rs12785878, cytochrome P450 2R1 (CYP2R1) rs10741657 and group-specific component globulin (GC) rs2282679] related to circulating vitamin D levels. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to assess changes in whole-body BMD over 2 y. The final analysis included 370 participants at baseline.
We found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and vitamin D GRS on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.02). In the high-fat diet group, participants with higher GRS showed significantly less reduction in whole-body BMD than those with lower GRS, whereas the genetic associations were not significant in the low-fat diet group. We also found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and the GRS on 6-mo change in femur neck BMD (P-interaction = 0.02); however, the interaction became nonsignificant at 2 y.
Our data indicate that dietary fat intake may modify the effect of vitamin D–related genetic variation on changes in BMD. Overweight or obese patients predisposed to sufficient vitamin D may benefit more in maintaining BMD along with weight loss by eating a low-fat diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03258203.
Osteoporosis
2018, Integrative Medicine: Fourth Edition
Docosahexaenoic acid signaling attenuates the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursors and promotes apoptosis in mature osteoclasts
2017, Cellular Signalling
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a component of omega-3 fatty acids, has been reported to protect against inflammatory bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its exact mechanism in bone resorbing cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects and the molecular mechanism of DHA on the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of osteoclast lineage cells using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). DHA suppressed the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced proliferation of osteoclast precursors, BMMs, in a dose-dependent manner. The attenuated proliferation of DHA-treated BMMs was related to M-CSF inhibition that selectively decreased Akt activation and downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 expression. DHA also blocked receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation from BMMs. At the molecular level, DHA inhibited JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPKs. In addition, it inhibited NF-κB signaling cascades, as demonstrated by the suppression of RANKL-mediated IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB transcriptional activation. Accordingly, DHA attenuated the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). Furthermore, DHA accelerated the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts by inducing Bim expression, a critical modulator of osteoclast apoptosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DHA exerts an anti-osteoclastogenic effect by suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of BMMs and enhancing the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts, thereby resulting in a diminished number of bone-resorptive cells.

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Calcium metabolism, osteoporsis and essential fatty acids: A review

Abstract

J. Biol. Chem.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

Lancet

Pediatrics

Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs

Bone

Bone

Bone

Urology

Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs

Prog. Lipid Res.

Nutr. Res.

Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol.

Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol.

Am. J. Med.

Poultry Sci.

J. Urol.

Prostaglandins

Nutr. Res.

J. Urol.

J. Urol.

J. Urol.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.

J. Biol. Chem.

Biol. Chem.

Biochem. Biophys. Acta

Life. Sci.

Biol. Chem.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Biol. Chem.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Prostaglandins Leukot. EFAs

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Metabolism

Stroke

Circulation

Arch. Pathol.

Br. J. Derm.

Biochem. J.

Lancet

Osteoporosis Int.

Gerontologia

Arthritis. Rheum.

Pediatrics

Bone Joint Surg.

Calcif. Tissue. Int.