Elsevier

Clinical Radiology

Volume 52, Issue 7, July 1997, Pages 559-560
Clinical Radiology

Case Report
Case report: Superior vena cava obstruction: Unusual CT findings due to venous collaterals

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(97)80337-6Get rights and content

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There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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    The vertebral venous plexus system is interconnected and anastomosed with the azygos and hemi-azygos system and with the posterior intercostal veins (Fig. 1). When a CT scan is performed, the increase in venous pressure due to contrast medium injection allows its dispersion in the dilated perivertebral plexus and through the anastomosis capillary sites in different tissues, especially in intravertebral veins that could mimic metastatic lesions [8–11]. In the literature, these intravertebral enhancements (IVE) secondary to iodinated contrast stagnation have mainly been described in patients with mediastinal mass syndromes. [8,10,12].

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    The lateral thoracic veins and internal mammary vein communicate with superficial epigastric and paraumbilical veins, which in turn communicate with the portal venous system. Uncommon collateral channels include collaterals to the hepatic parenchyma and systemic-to-pulmonary venous collaterals [3,4]. The propensity to develop infraphrenic and hepatic parenchymal collaterals is greater when there is obstruction of the azygo–atrial junction, as seen in our first case patient.

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