The Science of Grapevines

The Science of Grapevines

Anatomy and Physiology
2010, Pages 49-83
The Science of Grapevines

Chapter 2 - Phenology and Growth Cycle

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Phenology is mainly concerned with the timing of specific stages of growth and development in the annual cycle. Such knowledge can be used for site and cultivar selection, vineyard design, planning of labor and equipment requirements, and timing of cultural practices as part of vineyard management. The annual growth cycle of mature, fruiting grapevines is often divided into a vegetative and a reproductive cycle. The shoot growth cycle is completed with leaf senescence associated with the recycling of nutrients from the leaves to the canes and permanent parts of the vine, abscission (shedding) of leaves, and, finally, dehydration and cold acclimation of all woody parts in fall. On a seasonal scale, flowering, onset of fruit ripening, bud dormancy, leaf senescence, and cold acclimation are typical responses to day length, although each of these developmental processes is also modulated by temperature, and some can be altered by stress factors such as drought, nutrient deficiency or excess, or infection by pathogens.

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