Elsevier

Gene

Volume 132, Issue 2, 15 October 1993, Pages 279-283
Gene

Short communication
Transcription factor RFX1 helps control the promoter of the mouse ribosomal protein-encoding gene rpL30 by binding to its α element

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(93)90208-KGet rights and content

Abstract

The factor that binds to the most upstream element (α) of the mouse rpL30 promoter was identified as RFX1, a novel 105-kDa protein that recognizes an important element of MHC class-II promoters. Identification was based on competition between rpL30α. and an RFX1-binding site for nuclear protein complex formation and on the ability of RFX1 antibody to supershift the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA-protein complexes. A mutation in the α-element that abolished its interaction with RFX1 reduced rpL30 promoter activity to about 43% of the wild-type level, indicating that RFX1 plays an important role in determining the strength of the rpL30 promoter. A search of a eukaryotic promoter database revealed candidate RFX1-binding sites in a variety of other promoters, suggesting that this protein may be implicated in the transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of genes.

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    The RFX family of protein is highly conserved in evolution [20]. RFX1 was originally identified as an activator of HBV gene expression [29], however all the cellular target described to date are repressed by RFX1 [30–32,55,56]. We investigated the mode of autorepression of RFX1.

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    EF-C or EP sites, partially palindromic sequences to which RFX1–3 bind, have been found in the enhancers of hepatitis B virus, polyomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (31–34). RFX-binding sites have been also recognized in some cellular genes, including the genes for c-Myc (35), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (36), the ribosomal protein rpL30 (37), collagen α2(I) (38), and the interleukin 5 receptor α (22). RFX1, with or without RFX2 and/or 3, binds to these elements in vitro and seems to regulate their transcription.

  • Ribosomal protein S19 expression during erythroid differentiation

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    In humanRPS6,12and in mouseRPS16andRPL32, the farther-upstream elements contributed to but were not essential for promoter activity.11,31,32,36 The only exception described to date is the mouseRPL30gene promoter in which the major determinant elements of transcriptional activity were located farther from the cap site.11,26,27 TheRPS19gene, like other housekeeping genes and ribosomal protein genes,12,13,36,37contains several SP1 binding sites, often located very far upstream of the transcriptional start site.

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Present address: Frederick Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary. Tel. (36-1) 2386918.

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