Gender-related differences in cognitive abilities: Evidence from a medical school admissions testing program
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Parental estimates of their own and their relatives' intelligence. A Spanish replication
2010, Learning and Individual DifferencesCitation Excerpt :He said we all have some sort of prototype of intelligence and we judge ourselves or others according to this prototype. In one of his first studies of the topic, Sternberg et al. (1981) showed that laypeople perceive intelligence as especially focused on reasoning skills or problem-solving, a domain in which men seem superior to women (Stumpf & Jackson, 1994). One could thus argue that an estimation of general intelligence made by laypeople will be mainly based on problem-solving skills, consequently leading to men's overestimation of their own general intelligence.
What grabs his attention but not hers? Estrogen correlates with neurophysiological measures of vocal change detection
2008, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In line with this, women typically show enhanced memory for verbal information (Stumpf and Jackson, 1994). Females also excel in the memory for objects and object positions, whereas males perform better at tasks that involve the mental rotation of objects in space or that test mathematical aptitude (Campbell, 1991; Watson and Kimura, 1991; Galea and Kimura, 1993; Eals and Silverman, 1994; Stumpf and Jackson, 1994). In addition to these cognitive effects, men and women differ in emotional processes.
Second-to-fourth digit length, testosterone and spatial ability
2005, IntelligenceA sex difference on a novel spatial working memory task in humans
2001, Brain and CognitionSex differences in self-estimates of different aspects of intelligence
2000, Personality and Individual DifferencesCitation Excerpt :Most studies on self-estimated intelligence investigated lay-persons' estimates on general intelligence (Beloff, 1992; Bennett, 1996; Byrd & Stacey, 1993; Furnham & Rawles, 1995; Hogan, 1978). In their seminal study, Sternberg, Conway, Ketron and Bernstein (1981) demonstrated that lay-persons perceive intelligence as primarily based on reasoning or problem-solving abilities, a domain in which males appear to be superior to females (e.g. Born, Bleichrodt & van der Flier, 1987; Stumpf & Jackson, 1994). Thus, it could be argued that an estimate of general intelligence made by lay-persons is primarily focussed on problem-solving ability which, in consequence, leads to an overestimation of males' general intelligence.