Effect of service and vaginal-cervical anesthesia on estrus duration in dairy goats

doi:10.1016/0093-691X(95)00415-5

Theriogenology

Volume 45, Issue 3, February 1996, Pages 691-696

https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00415-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

The object of this experiment was to study the effect of sterile service and vaginal and cervix anesthesia on estrus duration in dairy goats. During the fall season 21 Nubian goats (9 nulliparous and 12 multiparous) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 7 animals per group). The following groups were formed: service (SER), vaginal and cervix anesthesia (VCA) and control (CON). Estrus was synchronized using fluorgestone acetate intravaginal pessaries (FGA, 30 mg) over a 14-d period. Estrus was detected using a vasectomized buck at 6-h intervals over 5 d after pessary removal (at 0600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 h). In the SER group the male was permitted to service each female. In the VCA group the vagina and cervix of the does were anesthesied, after which the male was permitted to service the females. Both treatments were done once within the first 12-h initiation of estrus. Does were permitted to be mounted only in the control group (CON). Estrus duration for SER, VCA and CON groups was (mean ± SD) 24.0 ± 10.9, 42.0 ± 15.9 and 40.3 ± 10.8 h, respectively. The SER group was significantly different from the VCA and CON groups (P < 0.01); however, the VCA group was not different from the CON group (P > 0.05).

It is concluded that service shortens the duration of estrus due to the mechanical effect of the penis against the vagina and cervix, and not to the accesory gland fluid.

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Cited by (18)

Time of copulation during estrus period on estrus duration and LH response in Boer goats
2019, Domestic Animal Endocrinology
Citation Excerpt :
Herein we confirmed again that the copula at the beginning of estrus reduced estrus duration as in previous studies [1–7]. This phenomenon appears to be due to the mechanical effect of the penis against the vaginal fornix [3,4] as it is independent of the number of copulations [2], and it is prevented by regional and vaginal anesthesia [4]. A novel result from the present study was that copula at the middle of estrus did not elicit any reduction of estrus duration, and it was similar to the control groups that only received mounts throughout the estrus period.
The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effect of the time of copulation during the estrus period on estrus duration and luteinizing hormone (LH) response in goats. A controlled randomized study with two replicates (first = n = 12; second = n = 24), in which Boer does were divided at each replicate into three groups, was performed. Copulations at the beginning of estrus (two copulas within the first 4 h after estrus; COP-1; n = 12), copulations around the middle of estrus (two copulas around 16 h after estrus; COP-2; n = 12), and noncopulations (only mounts) throughout the estrus period (control group; CON; n = 12) were performed. Estrus duration for CON group was 41.3 ± 8.2 h; for COP-1, it was 34.0 ± 5.3 h, and for COP-2, it was 39.7 ± 6.9 h (P = 0.04). Differences were detected between COP-1 and CON groups (P = 0.01) and between COP-1 and COP-2 groups (P = 0.05) but not between CON and COP-2 groups (P = 0.56). The LH peak time for the CON group was 20.0 ± 8.0 h; for the COP-1 group, it was 13.0 ± 3.6 h, and for the COP-2 group, it was 20.5 ± 5.8 h (P = 0.04). The COP-1 group was different than the COP-2 (P = 0.02) and CON groups (P = 0.03), and no differences were detected between these last two groups (P = 0.87). It was concluded that copulation reduced estrus duration and hastened the LH peak time only when performed during the beginning of estrus.
Effect of copulation on estrus duration, LH response, and ovulation in Boer goats
2018, Theriogenology
Citation Excerpt :
Consequently, it seems that the degree of association between males and females influenced the estrus duration. The low stimulus was when the male was intermittently with the females without copulation [1–4], then a medium stimulus when the male was in continual permanency with the does but without copulation [18], and finally the strongest stimulus when the male was permitted to copulate the female [1–4,18]. It was shown that the number of copulations at the estrus did not affect the estrus duration, being the same effect for one, two, or three copulas [2].
The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effect of copulation on estrus duration, LH response and ovulation in Boer goats. A controlled randomized study, with two replicates, in which does were divided at each replicate in treatment (COP; n = 12) and control (CON; n = 12) groups was performed. All the does were pluriparous and estrus synchronized with CIDR (progesterone 300 mg) maintained in the vagina for seven days, and received 50 μg of GnRH at device insertion and 5 mg of natural prostaglandin F-2_α im at CIDR removal. The COP group received two copulas within the first 4 h of estrus onset, and the CON group was only permitted to be mounted. Estrus was detected twice a day during the first 24 h after pessary removal and then every 4 h by using bucks with canvas apron as teasers, led by leash for 96 h. Blood was collected during all the estrus period after each estrus detection and analyzed for LH by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In addition, at the second replicate ovulation time and number of ovulations were also monitored by transrectal ultrasonography using a linear 7.5 MHz probe beginning 24 h after estrus onset and repeated every 4 h until all the preovulatory follicles disappeared. Estrus onset was 36.7 ± 10.5 h and 35.5 ± 13.6 h for CON and COP groups, respectively (P = 0.82). Estrus duration for the same groups was 40.3 ± 9.9 h and 28.3 ± 4.7 h, respectively (P = 0.001). The LH peak time for the CON group was 17.7 ± 6.3 h, and for the COP group, it was 10.9 ± 2.6 h (P = 0.004). The LH peak magnitude for the same groups was 31.5 ± 16.2 ng/mL and 34.9 ± 20.7 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.34). The LH peak duration was not different between groups (CON: 7.3 ± 1.6 h versus COP: 7.2 ± 2.4 h; P = 0.94). The first ovulation time for CON and COP groups was 33.7 ± 3.9 h and 29.1 ± 3.2 h (P = 0.05), and the last ovulation time for the same groups was 37.7 ± 3.9 h and 32.6 ± 2.5 h, respectively (P = 0.02). The overall time from LH peak to ovulation was 18.6 ± 4.8 h without differences between groups (CON: 16.3 ± 5.6 h versus COP: 20.6 ± 3.3 h; P = 0.15). The number of ovulations for the CON group was 2.2 ± 0.4, and for COP group, it was 2.1 ± 0.4 (P = 0.96). It was concluded that copulation reduced estrus duration and hastened LH peak and ovulation in Boer goats.
Continuous presence of male on estrus onset, estrus duration, and ovulation in estrus-synchronized Boer goats
2016, Theriogenology
Citation Excerpt :
Females were considered to be in estrus when they accepted mounting by the bucks. Estrus was detected four times a day after CIDR removal (at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 hours) using five bucks from 1 to 4 years old with high serving capacity as teasers with canvas apron conducted by leash as in previous investigations [4,7–11]. Estrus response was defined as the proportion of females in estrus within the 5 days of CIDR removal from the total estrus synchronized.
The objectives of the present study were to assess the effect of permanent contact of teasers without copulation on the interval from controlled internal drug release (CIDR) removal to estrus onset, estrus duration, ovulation time, number of ovulations, and interval from CIDR removal to ovulation time on estrus-synchronized Boer goats. During the fall season, a controlled randomized design experiment with two groups, control (CON; n = 18) and treatment (TRE; n = 18), was performed. The TRE group was maintained permanently in a pen with an aproned buck immediately after CIDR removal. The CON group was maintained in a different pen without permanent exposure to the male. All females were estrus synchronized with CIDR maintained in the vagina for 7 days and received 50 μg of GnRH im at device insertion and 5 mg of natural prostaglandin F-2α at device removal. Females were considered to be in estrus when they accepted mounting by the aproned bucks. Estrus was detected four times a day after CIDR removal (at 6 AM, 12 noon, 6 PM, and 12 midnight) using bucks with canvas apron as teasers. The ovulation time and number of ovulations were assessed by transrectal ultrasonography starting 24 hours after estrus onset and repeated every 6 hours until complete ovulation was detected. The estrus onset for the CON group was 44.0 ± 8.3 hours and for the TRE group, it was 37.0 ± 7.7 hours (P = 0.01). Estrus duration from the CON group was 43.7 ± 9.2 hours and for the TRE group, it was 38.3 ± 6.6 hours (P = 0.05). The first, last, and mean ovulation times for the CON group were 32.4 ± 5.3, 38.4 ± 3.4, and 35.4 ± 3.9 hours, and for the TRE group, the times were 31.8 ± 2.8, 36.7 ± 3.0, and 35.8 ± 3.6 hours, respectively (P = 0.85, P = 0.23, and P = 0.82, respectively). The number of ovulations for the CON and TRE groups was 2.6 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.6 ovulations, respectively (P = 0.96). The interval time for CIDR removal to ovulation for the CON group was 79.2 ± 8.2 hours and for the TRE group, the interval time was 73.2 ± 6.2 hours (P = 0.05). It was concluded that the permanent presence of male without copulation with estrus-synchronized does hastened estrus onset, reduced estrus duration, and decreased the interval time from CIDR removal to ovulation without modification of ovulation time and number of ovulations in Boer goats.
Effect of copulation on estrus duration and ovulation time in goats
2016, Theriogenology
Citation Excerpt :
The does were estrous synchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR; 300-mg progesterone) maintained in the vagina for 7 days and received 50 μg of intramuscular GnRH at device insertion and 5 mg of natural intramuscular PGF2α at device removal. Estrus was detected twice a day during the first 24 hours after pessary removal and then every 4 hours by using three fertile proven bucks from 1 to 4 years old with high serving capacity as teasers with canvas apron for 120 hours led by a leash as in previous investigations [4,8–12]. The same males were also used for copulation.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of copulation on estrus duration and ovulation in goats. During the fall season, 14 multiparous Boer does were estrous synchronized with controlled internal drug release (300 mg), maintained in the vagina for 7 days, and received 50 μg of intramuscular GnRH device insertion and 5 mg of natural intramuscular PGF2α at device removal. The does were randomly divided into two equal groups: a treatment group (TRE; n = 7) and a control group (CON; n = 7). The TRE group received two copulas by fertile bucks within the first 4 hours of estrus onset, and the CON group received only mounts by the same males equipped with canvas aprons. Estrus detection was performed every 12 hours after controlled internal drug release removal within the first 24 hours and then every 4 hours for 5 days. Estrus was defined when a doe accepted mounting by the bucks equipped with canvas aprons. Each doe in estrus got the first transrectal ultrasonography at 24 hours after estrus onset and then every 4 hours until all the preovulatory follicles ovulated. Estrus onset for the TRE and CON groups was 40.3 ± 17.4 (mean ± standard deviation) and 43.3 ± 12.2 hours (P = 0.72), respectively. Estrus duration for the same groups was 28.6 ± 5.4 and 36.7 ± 5.3 hours (P = 0.02), respectively. The mean ovulation time for the TRE and CON groups was 31.4 ± 2.2 and 35.7 ± 3.7 hours (P = 0.04), respectively. The proportion of ovulations that occurred after the end of estrus in the TRE group was higher than in the CON group (86% vs. 33%, respectively; P = 0.05). The number of ovulations for the TRE group was 2.1 ± 0.7; for the CON group, there were 2.2 ± 0.5 ovulations (P = 0.92). It was concluded that copulation by a buck at the beginning of estrus reduced estrus duration and hastened the ovulation time in Boer goats.
Effect of sterile service on estrus duration, fertility and prolificacy in artificially inseminated dairy goats
2000, Theriogenology
The effect of sterile service on estrus duration, fertility and prolificacy in artificially inseminated dairy goats during breeding season was studied. Nubian does (n = 126) were divided into 2 equal groups: service and control. Estrus was synchronized with intravaginal sponges containing either fluorgestone acetate (FGA; 40 mg) or medroxiprogesterone acetate (MAP; 60 mg) for 12 or 14 d, respectively. Two vasectomized teaser bucks were used to detect estrus at 6-h intervals for 5 d after sponge removal (0600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 h). The teasers were fitted with aprons and permitted to mount all does in both groups, but to penetrate only the service does within the first 12 h of estrus. Does in both groups were inseminated twice at 12 and 24 h after estrus was first detected, using 1 straw per insemination containing 200 million of cooled spermatozoa from 1 buck. The semen was placed in mid-cervix. Estrus duration for the service and control does was (mean ± SD) 29.4 ± 6.5 and 41.8 ± 9.6 h, respectively. Fertility for the service does was 73.7% (46/63); for control does it was 58.7% (37/63). Prolificacy was 2.1 (96/46) and 2.0 (74/37) for service and control does, respectively. Estrus duration (P < 0.001) and fertility (P < 0.05) differed between the service and control group, but prolificacy was similar (P > 0.05). It is concluded that sterile service reduces the duration of estrus and increases fertility in artificially inseminated dairy goats.
Sexual stimulation in male sheep and goats
1998, Applied Animal Behaviour Science
Previous research has shown that the sexual performance of male goats is enhanced by viewing the mating activities of other males prior to being placed with sexually receptive females. This same experience has no effect on the sexual performance of male sheep. In the present experiment, 14 male goats and 17 rams were individually allowed to sniff and nuzzle the anogenital region of an estrous female and engage in premating behaviors, but not mount for 20 min immediately prior to the administration of 30-min sexual performance tests. A female-absent control treatment was administered to these same animals prior to sexual performance tests. In the sexual stimulation treatments, male goats were more sexually active than rams (P<0.001 for all variables). However, sexual stimulation did not affect the subsequent sexual performance of either species (P>0.20 for all variables). Male goats and sheep did not differ (P>0.05) in number of completed matings (services) but male goats exhibited more mounts without ejaculation (P<0.001) and more mounts per service (P<0.001) than rams. These results are discussed in terms of the reproductive advantage of sexual stimulation to male ungulates in the context of male–male competition vs. the absence of male competitors.

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Effect of service and vaginal-cervical anesthesia on estrus duration in dairy goats

Abstract

Physiol Behav

Theriogenology

Theriogenology

Theriogenology

Role of the pelvic nerve vs the abdominal sympathetic nerves in the reproductive function of the female rat

Endocrinology

Female reproductive characteristics

Semen induced ovulation in bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)

J Reprod Fertil

Effect of rams on the duration of oestrous behaviour in ewes

J Reprod Fertil

Artificially induced ovulation in the cats (Felix domestica)

Anat Rec

Semen induced ovulation in bactrian camel ( $Camelus bactrianus$ )

Artificially induced ovulation in the cats ( $Felix domestica$ )