Hemoglobin synthesis in cell hybrids formed between teratocarcinoma and friend erythroleukemia cells

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(77)90265-3

Cell

Volume 12, Issue 3, November 1977, Pages 653-662

https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(77)90265-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Viable hybrid cells have been isolated following fusion of Friend erythroleukemia cells and undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cells. The hybrids formed between near-diploid parental cells resembled Friend cells in their ability to grow in suspension and to synthesize hemoglobin in the presence of the chemical inducers dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ouabain. Erythropoietin (EPO) was effective in inducing hemoglobin synthesis in some of the hybrid cell lines. The hemoglobins synthesized by the hybrids were of the adult forms, but were quantitatively different from those hemoglobins synthesized by the parental Friend cells, suggesting that the fusion event modulated the expression of the hemoglobin chain genes.

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By means of a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and acridine orange fluorescence staining method we studied reactivation of the inactivated X chromosome (X_i) in newly formed cell hybrids between the near-diploid HPRT-deficient OTF9-63 murine embryonal carcinoma cell (ECC) with an XO sex chromosome constitution and the normal female mouse thymocyte. As reported earlier, most near-tetraploid hybrid cells were ECC in morphology and retained all chromosomes from both parents including three X chromosomes. Synchronization of the late replicating X chromosome in such hybrid cells, indicative of reactivation, was found for the first time on Day 3, and the frequency of reactivation was attained 90% on Day 5. Inhibition of cell cycle progression either by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) dihydrochloride, an inhibitor of polyamine metabolism, or by isoleucine-deficient medium after cell fusion delayed reactivation of the X_i, which implied that the number of cell division cycles traversed by individual cells rather than the length of time after cell fusion is critical for the reactivation. Double-labeling experiments using [³H]thymidine and BrdU indicated that hybrid cells had undergone three or four mitoses before reactivation of the X_i. Most probably reactivation of the X_i is consequent to reversion of the thymocyte genome to an undifferentiated state under the influence of OTF9 genome. DNA demethylation or dilution of X_i-specific factors by mitoses may be involved in this process.
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Hybrid cells from mouse erythroleukemia and yolk-sac cells from 12-day-old mouse embryos were formed, and the expression of adult β-globin and embryonic y-globin genes was examined. In these hybrid cells, hemoglobin synthesis could be induced by the addition of dimethylsulfoxide. The adult β-globin genes from both parental chromosomes were expressed, but embryonic y-globin genes were not. These results suggest that the expression of adult genes dominates that of embryonic genes.
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Each of four kinds of teratocarcinoma cells, OTT6050P, PCC4, PSA1 and LT, derived from 129 or LT mouse strain, was fused with B16-CAP^r melanoma cells derived from C57BL/6J by using Sendai virus. The resultant hybrids were morphologically melanotic melanoma cells which were larger and more heavily pigmented than the parental B16-CAP^r melanoma cells. The chromosome analysis and GPI electrophoresis demonstrated that all hybrids were products of fusion between a single teratocarcinoma cell and a single melanoma cell. The pigmentation in the hybrids between a 129 teratocarcinoma cell and a melanoma cell was much stronger than that in hybrids between an LT teratocarcinoma cell and a melanoma cell. This phenomenon was consistent with the difference of coat color between 129 and LT mouse strain. From these results, it was suggested that the genes of teratocarcinoma cells involved in the pigmentation are activated in the hybrids with B16-CAP^r melanoma cells.
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Mouse embryonal carcinoma cells were fused with human melanoma cells or with cytoplasts of these cells. The expression of embryonic and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens was studied in single heterokaryons and cybrids in the population after fusion. Recognition of heterokaryons by differential staining of mouse and human nuclei was combined with indirect immunofluorescent staining of specific membrane antigens. Complete suppression of embryonic antigen expression was found in heterokaryons within 2 days after fusion. Cybrids, formed by fusion of embryonal carcinoma cells with melanoma cytoplasts, showed a transient decrease in the expression of embryonic antigens. The expression of human MHC antigens, both class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-DR), was only slightly influenced in heterokaryons. No activation of mouse MHC antigens was found. The results indicate that melanoma cells contain trans-acting factors exerting a negative control on the expression of embryonic antigens. In contrast the continued expression of human MHC antigens in heterokaryons suggests that embryonal carcinoma cells either are devoid of or contain only a very limited amount of trans-acting factors controlling the expression of MHC antigens.

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Cell

Hemoglobin synthesis in cell hybrids formed between teratocarcinoma and friend erythroleukemia cells

Abstract

Cell

Blood

Dev. Biol.

Dev. Biol.

Dev. Biol.

Cell Differentiation

Blood

Establishment of functional clonal lines of neurons from mouse neuroblastoma

Somatic cell hybrids between the Friend erythroleukemia cells and mouse hepatoma cells

Somat. Cell Genet.

Hemoglobin synthesis in somatic cell hybrids: globin gene expression in hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia and human bone marrow cells or fibroblasts

Hemoglobin synthesis in somatic cell hybrids: coexpression of mouse with human or Chinese hamster globin genes in interspecific somatic cell hybrids of mouse erythroleukemia cells

Extinction of globin gene expression in human fibroblast x mouse erythroleukemia cell hybrids

Somat. Cell Genet.

Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis virus

J. Exp. Med.

Hybridization of somatic cells