The stability of CaCO3·6H2O (ikaite)
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2022, Geochimica et Cosmochimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, although in nature, ikaite has only been found in environments with temperatures ranging from −2 to + 7 °C (e.g. Buchardt et al., 2001; Hu et al., 2014; Huggett et al., 2005; Suess et al., 1982; Zhou et al., 2015), inorganic laboratory experiments have successfully synthesised and stabilised ikaite at temperatures as high as 15 °C (Stockmann et al., 2018), and have even nucleated ikaite at temperatures of up to 35 °C (Tollefsen et al., 2020). Ikaite (both natural and synthetic) is observed to decompose to a mixture of calcite and water, possibly via other carbonate phases, when left at ambient (c. 10 – 30 °C) temperature for several hours (Marland, 1975; Stein and Smith, 1985; Jansen et al., 1987; Shaikh, 1990; Schubert et al., 1997; Whiticar and Suess, 1998; Buchardt et al., 2001; Dahl and Buchardt, 2006; Rickaby et al., 2006; Tang et al., 2009; Tollefsen et al., 2020). Different studies suggest different upper temperature limits for ikaite stability (e.g. Bischoff et al., 1993; Buchardt et al., 2001; Marland, 1975; Purgstaller et al., 2017; Stockmann et al., 2018; Tollefsen et al., 2020).