Trichinella spiralis: Delayed rejection in mice concurrently infected with Nematospiroides dubius
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Unknown age in health disorders: A method to account for its cumulative effect and an application to feline viruses interactions
2015, EpidemicsCitation Excerpt :Hosts are exposed to numerous parasites (from micro- to macro-parasites, pathogenic or not) simultaneously and multiple infections of hosts are more frequently encountered than infections by a single parasite (Petney and Andrews, 1998; Cox, 2001). Interactions between members of the intra-host community of parasites, e.g., competition for resources or interactions mediated by host immune responses, have been widely evidenced in animal models and experimental conditions (e.g., (Cox, 2001; Behnke et al., 1978; Christensen et al., 1987; Frontera et al., 2005)), with a main focus on human pathogens such as HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexually transmitted infections, and helminths (e.g., (Bentwich et al., 1999; Corbett et al., 2002; Celum, 2004; Druilhe et al., 2005; Abu-Raddad et al., 2006)). There is now strong evidence that parasites are affected by the presence of other parasites, their interactions altering the rates of co-occurrence, levels of infection and disease severity (e.g., (Abu-Raddad et al., 2006; Read and Taylor, 2001; Weiss and McMichael, 2004; Telfer et al., 2010; Ives et al., 2011)), as well as the success of parasites management measures (Pedersen and Fenton, 2007; Harris et al., 2009; Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011) and possibly disease (re)emergence (Pontier et al., 2009; Keesing et al., 2010).
The reliability of observational approaches for detecting interspecific parasite interactions: Comparison with experimental results
2014, International Journal for ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Most hosts, including humans in communities around the globe, are coinfected by many parasite species (Petney and Andrews, 1998; Cox, 2001). Numerous laboratory studies (Behnke et al., 1978; Christensen et al., 1987; Adams et al., 1989; Frontera et al., 2005) have shown coinfecting parasites can interact strongly, either positively or negatively (Griffiths et al., 2011), with important implications for disease progression, transmission and control. In particular, if strong interactions are present then targeted treatment may result in potentially unwanted responses in other, non-target parasite species (Lello et al., 2004; Pedersen and Fenton, 2007; Knowles et al., 2013; Pedersen and Antonovics, 2013).
Parasite population dynamics in pigs infected with Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum
2014, Veterinary ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :O. dentatum may establish chronicity in the same way as H. polygyrus, and it is possible that the production of polyclonal antibodies against O. dentatum may also protect T. suis in pigs during a mixed infection, by reducing production of T. suis-specific antibodies and thereby delaying the expulsion of T. suis. Mixed infections with N. dubius have been shown to markedly delay the expulsion of the nematode T. muris in mice (Jenkins and Behnke, 1977), and another study on mixed infection with Trichinella spiralis and N. dubius found that mice concurrently infected with N. dubius had a delayed expulsion of T. spiralis (Behnke et al., 1978). The pigs did not show any clinical signs of infection with O. dentatum or differences in weight gain due to the mixed infection.
Immune modulation and modulators in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection
2012, Experimental ParasitologyHeligmosomoides polygyrus infection is associated with lower MHC class II gene expression in Apodemus flavicollis: Indication for immune suppression?
2011, Infection, Genetics and EvolutionCitation Excerpt :Other parasites might benefit from a systemic reduction of MHC class II expression that might be induced by H. polygyrus. The nematodes of this genus have been suspected to be immunosuppressive for a long time, as experimental co-infection studies revealed a delayed expulsion of other helminth species (Jenkins, 1975; Jenkins and Behnke, 1977; Behnke et al., 1978, 1984) or increased susceptibility to microparasites during concurrent Heligmosomoides spp. infections (Chen et al., 2005, 2006; Su et al., 2005). In their natural hosts heligmosomoid nematodes can show a pronounced pattern of co-infection with other parasite species (Behnke et al., 2005, 2009; Jackson et al., 2009).
Concurrent infection with Trichinella spiralis and other helminths in pigs
2007, Veterinary Parasitology
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Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD, England U.K.