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Crotalaria juncea L. enhances the bioremediation of sulfentrazone-contaminated soil and promotes changes in the soil bacterial community

  • Soil and Agricultural Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Sulfentrazone (STZ) is an efficient tool for the pre- and post-emergence control of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in fields of crops such as pineapple, coffee, sugarcane, citrus, eucalyptus, tobacco, and soybean. However, this herbicide persists in the soil, causing phytotoxicity in the subsequent crop. Therefore, it is important to use efficient strategies for the remediation of STZ-contaminated areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Crotalaria juncea L. on the remediation of STZ-contaminated soil and on the microbial activity and bacterial community structure therein. The study was conducted in three stages: (i) cultivation of C. juncea in soil contaminated with 200, 400, and 800 g ha−1 STZ; (ii) determination of the soil microbial activity (basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and bacterial community structure); and (iii) cultivation of a bioindicator species and determination of the residual fraction of STZ. The soil microbial activity was impacted by the soil type and STZ dose. Soil previously cultivated with C. juncea (rhizospheric soil) displayed higher CO2 and lower qCO2 values than non-rhizospheric soil (no previous C. juncea cultivation). Increasing doses of STZ reduced the activity and lowered the diversity indices of the soil microorganisms. The bacterial community structure was segregated between the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils. Regardless of soil type, the bioindicator of remediation (Pennisetum glaucum R.Br.) grew only at the STZ dose of 200 g ha−1, and the plant intoxication level was also lower in rhizospheric soil treated with this herbicide dose. All P. glaucum plants died in the soils treated with 400 and 800 g ha−1 STZ. Previous cultivation of C. juncea in soils contaminated with 200, 400, and 800 g ha−1 STZ reduced the residual fraction of the herbicide by 4.8%, 12.5%, and 17.4%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizospheric soils. In conclusion, previous cultivation with C. juncea promoted increases in the soil bacterial activity and diversity indices, mitigated the deleterious effects of STZ on the bioindicator crop, and reduced the residual fraction of the herbicide in the soil.

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The authors of the manuscript “Crotalaria juncea enhances the bioremediation of sulfentrazone-contaminated soil and promotes changes in the soil bacterial community” declare that all data generated and analyzed in this study were not submitted for publication in other scientific journals.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil; Finance Code 001) for granting a scholarship to the first author and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ, Brazil; Process 130616/2017-6) for research support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Adijailton Jose de Souza & Douglas Gomes Viana

  2. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Sao Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Esequiel Santos & Fábio Pires Ribeiro

  3. Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    Arthur Prudêncio de Araújo Pereira

  4. Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Irene da Silva Coelho & Karen Caroline Ferreira Santaren

  5. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Fernando Barboza Egreja Filho

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  1. Adijailton Jose de Souza
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Contributions

AJS contributed to data analysis and manuscript writing. ES contributed to all essay assemble, data analysis, and manuscript writing. DGV and APAP contributed to data analysis and manuscript revision. FPR contributed to study conception and design and manuscript revision. ISC, FBEF, and KCFS contributed to DNA analyses and manuscript review. In addition, the publication was reviewed, verified, and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Adijailton Jose de Souza.

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de Souza, A.J., Santos, E., Ribeiro, F.P. et al. Crotalaria juncea L. enhances the bioremediation of sulfentrazone-contaminated soil and promotes changes in the soil bacterial community. Braz J Microbiol 54, 2319–2331 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01064-5

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