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Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas

  • Soil and Agricultural Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Viola odorata, also known as “Banafshah” in high altitudes of Himalayas, is well known for its pharmaceutical importance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. The plant is a source of various drugs for its anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antipyretic, and laxative properties. The endophytes of plants have been reported for their role in modulating various physiological and biological processes of the host plants. In the present study, a total of 244 endophytes were isolated in pure cultures from the roots of Viola odorata, and genetic diversity was evaluated using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC). The molecular fingerprinting revealed variation among various rRNA types among morphologically different endophytes based on ARDRA and ERIC-PCR. The screening of endophytes showed antimicrobial activity of 11 bacterial isolates and one actinomycete SGA9 against various pathogens Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antioxidant activity revealed the majority of the bacterial isolates able to scavenge the free radical in the range of 10–50% and 8 bacterial isolates in the range of 50–85%. Principal component analysis separated eight isolates away from the central eclipse and form a separate group based on antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The identification of these eight isolates showed affiliation with different species of the genus Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces. This is the first report on the characterization of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes from endemic Viola odorata. Results suggested that these endophytes could be explored for the production of antimicrobial and antioxidant products.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi, GOI (Project No. R&D/HP-01/2020-21-NMPB-IV A) for providing necessary financial benefits and the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur for providing infrastructural facilities. The authors also acknowledge the Department of Food Science and Technology and the Department of Fruit Science for their help during the completion of this study.

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  1. Richa Salwan and Vivek Sharma contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India

    Richa Salwan, Aditi Rana, Raj Saini, Amit Sharma & Monica Sharma

  2. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali (PB.), 140 413, India

    Vivek Sharma

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  1. Richa Salwan
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Correspondence to Richa Salwan.

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Salwan, R., Rana, A., Saini, R. et al. Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas. Braz J Microbiol 54, 2361–2374 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01010-5

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