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Diffusible and volatile organic compounds produced by avocado rhizobacteria exhibit antifungal effects against Fusarium kuroshium

  • Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis - Research Paper
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Abstract

Rhizobacteria emit bioactive metabolites with antifungal properties that could be used for biocontrol of fungal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the potential of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by avocado rhizobacteria to inhibit the growth of Fusarium kuroshium, one of the causal agents of Fusarium dieback (FD) in avocado. Three bacterial isolates (INECOL-6004, INECOL-6005, and INECOL-6006), belonging to the Bacillus genus, were selected based on their capacity to inhibit several avocado fungal pathogens, and tested in antagonism assays against F. kuroshium. The three bacterial isolates significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth by up to 48%. The composition of bacterial diffusible compounds was characterized by the analysis of EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The three bacterial isolates produced cyclo-lipopeptides belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families. The antifungal activity of n-BuOH extracts was larger than that of EtOAc extracts, probably due to the greater relative abundance of fengycin in the former than in the latter. In addition, isolates INECOL-6004 and INECOL-6006 significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth through VOC emission by up to 69.88%. The analysis of their VOC profiles by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of ketones and pyrazine compounds, particularly of 2-nonanone, which was not detected in the VOC profile of isolate INECOL-6005. These results emphasize the need to further investigate the antifungal activity of each bioactive compound for the development of new formulations against fungal phytopathogens.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the staff at CNRF-SENASICA, in particular Clemente García-Ávila and Abel López Buenfil, for providing the facilities to work with F. kuroshium. We thank Ana Karen Ávila for isolating the avocado rhizobacteria, Oscar Ceballos and Alfonso Méndez for isolating and identifying avocado fungal pathogens, and Hecady Castillejos and Freddy Tornero for their help with setting up the antagonism assays. We also thank Olinda E. Velázquez for her support with confocal microscopy images, Larissa Guillén for facilitating the use of the GC–MS, Alfonso Méndez for his help with image editing, and Ofelia Ferrera for her technical assistance. Finally, we are grateful to Carlos Nolasco for allowing us to access his avocado orchard.

Funding

This research was funded by SAGARPA-SENASICA through the agreement SENASICA-INECOL 2016 and by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico or FORDECyT) grant number 292399.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México

    Edgar Guevara-Avendaño, Karla R. Bravo-Castillo, Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva, Ana L. Kiel-Martínez, Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez & José A. Guerrero-Analco

  2. Instituto de Agroindustrias, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 69000, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México

    Edgar Guevara-Avendaño

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, México

    Karla R. Bravo-Castillo

  4. Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Calle Prol. Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Col. Centro, 61600, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México

    Frédérique Reverchon

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  1. Edgar Guevara-Avendaño
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Guevara-Avendaño, E., Bravo-Castillo, K.R., Monribot-Villanueva, J.L. et al. Diffusible and volatile organic compounds produced by avocado rhizobacteria exhibit antifungal effects against Fusarium kuroshium. Braz J Microbiol 51, 861–873 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00249-6

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