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Response Surface Methodology as a Predictive Tool and UPLC-HRMS Analysis of Phenolic Rich Extract from Verbena officinalis L. Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Part I

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Abstract

Phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, are of great interest due to their health-benefitting antioxidant properties and possible protection against inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and certain type of cancers. Maximum retention of these phyto-chemicals during extraction requires optimized process parameter conditions. Verbena officinalis was treated using “green” technic and “green” solvent by elaboration of an efficient alternative protocol in order to obtain a phenolic rich extract. A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was investigated to obtain high phenolic compounds content from this plant with high antioxidant activities. The main studied extraction parameters were: time (t: 5 to 25 min), irradiation power (P: 150 to 750 W), liquid-to-solid ratio (R: 10 to 50 mL g−1) and pH (pH: 3 to 7). A microwave-assisted extraction showed that the best performance, resulting in an extract with phenolic and flavonoid contents (94.48 mg GAE/g DW and 64.07 mg QE/g DW, respectively), a DPPH and FRAP says (23.99 µg/ml and 997.46 µM of BHT/g DW, respectively). The optimal conditions were: extraction time = 15 min, microwave power = 550 W, solvent pH equal to 5.5 and liquid-to-solid ratio = 39 ml/g. To our knowledge, the polyphenolic rich extract has been analyzed using UPLC-HRMS apparatus which allowed us to identify seven phenolic compounds: verbascoside, isoverbascoside, hydroxytyrosol glucoside and four flavonoid compounds including: Cirsilineol, Catechine (+),Naringenin and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Results showed that this innovative and green extraction method (microwave extraction) can be used successfully to obtain bioactive compounds in higher amounts from Verbena officinalis.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

RSM:

Response surface methodology

CCD :

Central composite design

QE:

Quercetin equivalent

GAE :

Gallic acid equivalent

DM :

Plant dry matter

A :

Absorbance

IC50 :

Inhibition concentration at 50%

P:

Power

t:

Time of extraction

R:

Solvent/solid ratio

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

TPC :

Total phenol contents

TFC:

Total flavonoids contents

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

DPPH :

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Tunisia as well as Ministry of Agriculture, for their financial are grateful and Professor Mohamed Rigane for useful discussions about the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Organic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, B.P « 1171 » 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Hajer Riguene, Younes Moussaoui, Ridha Ben Salem & Ghayth Rigane

  2. Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Department of Chemistry, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia

    Younes Moussaoui

  3. Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Kairouan, B. P. 380, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia

    Ghayth Rigane

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  1. Hajer Riguene
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Correspondence to Ghayth Rigane.

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There are no conflicts of Interest. Ridha Ben Salem and Ghayth Rigane are Associate Editors of Chemistry Africa.

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Riguene, H., Moussaoui, Y., Salem, R.B. et al. Response Surface Methodology as a Predictive Tool and UPLC-HRMS Analysis of Phenolic Rich Extract from Verbena officinalis L. Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Part I. Chemistry Africa 6, 2857–2869 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00695-3

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