Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication of Porous Mg-Zn Scaffold through Modified Replica Method for Bone Tissue Engineering

  • Published:
Journal of Bionic Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biodegradable scaffolds are essential parts in hard tissue engineering. A highly porous magnesium-zinc (Mg-Zn 4 wt.%) scaffold with different Mg-Zn powder to liquid media ratios (50 wt.%, 70 wt.% and 90 wt.%) and different concentrations of ethanol (0 vol.%, 10 vol.%, 20 vol.% and 40 vol.%) were prepared through modified replica method. The mechanical properties were assessed through compression test and the structures of scaffolds were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results show that, the increase in Mg-Zn powder to liquid media ratio (50 wt.% to 90 wt.%) in ethanol free slurry, increases the thickness of struts (37 µm to 74 µm) and the plateau stress (0.5 MPa to 1.4 MPa). The results obtained from X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) and compression test indicate that consuming ethanol in liquid media of replica, results in higher plateau stress by 46% due to less Mg-water reaction and no formation of Mg(OH)2 in the scaffold. The results of porosity measurement indicate that water-ethanol mixture composition and different solid fractions have no significant effects on true and apparent porosities of the fabricated scaffolds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yazdimamaghani M, Razavi M, Vashaee D, Moharamzadeh K, Boccaccini A R, Tayebi L. Porous magnesium-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, 71, 1253–1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Senatov F, Anisimova N, Kiselevskiy M, Kopylov A, Tcherdyntsev V, Maksimkin A. Polyhydroxybutyrate/ hydroxyapatite highly porous scaffold for small bone defects replacement in the nonload-bearing parts. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2017, 14, 648–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li J P, Li S H, Van Blitterswijk C A, De Groot K. A novel porous Ti6Al4V: Characterization and cell attachment. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2005, 73, 223–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ghomi H, Emadi R, Javanmard S H. Fabrication and characterization of nanostructure diopside scaffolds using the space holder method: Effect of different space holders and compaction pressures. Materials & Design, 2016, 91, 193–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Seyedraoufi Z S, Mirdamadi S. Synthesis, microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Mg-Zn scaffolds. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2013, 21, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yazdimamaghani M, Razavi M, Vashaee D, Tayebi L. Microstructural and mechanical study of PCL coated Mg scaffolds. Surface Engineering, 2014, 30, 920–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yazdimamaghani M, Razavi M, Vashaee D, Pothineni V R, Assefa S, Köhler G A, Rajadas J, Tayebi L. In vitro analysis of Mg scaffolds coated with polymer/hydrogel/ceramic composite layers. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2016, 301, 126–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhuang H Y, Han Y, Feng A L. Preparation, mechanical properties and in vitro biodegradation of porous magnesium scaffolds. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2008, 28, 1462–1466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yazdimamaghani M, Razavi M, Vashaee D, Tayebi L. Surface modification of biodegradable porous Mg bone scaffold using polycaprolactone/bioactive glass composite. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2015, 49, 436–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Geng F, Tan L L, Zhang B C, Wu C F, He Y L, Yang J Y, Yang K. Study on beta-TCP coated porous Mg as a bone tissue engineering scaffold material. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2009, 25, 123–129.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chen Z T, Mao X L, Tan L L, Friis T, Wu C T, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Osteoimmunomodulatory properties of magnesium scaffolds coated with ß-tricalcium phosphate. Biomaterials, 2014, 35, 8553–8565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jiang G F, He G. A new approach to the fabrication of porous magnesium with well-controlled 3D pore structure for orthopedic applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2014, 43, 317–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gu X N, Zhou W R, Zheng Y F, Liu Y, Li Y X. Degradation and cytotoxicity of lotus-type porous pure magnesium as potential tissue engineering scaffold material. Materials Letters, 2010, 64, 1871–1874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Witte F, Ulrich H, Rudert M, Willbold E. Biodegradable magnesium scaffolds: Part 1: Appropriate inflammatory response. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007, 81, 748–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li J C, Dunand D C. Mechanical properties of directionally freeze-cast titanium foams. Acta Materialia, 2011, 59, 146–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Takemoto M, Fujibayashi S, Neo M, Suzuki J, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. Mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of porous bioactive titanium. Biomaterials, 2005, 26, 6014–6023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ryan G E, Pandit A S, Apatsidis D P. Porous titanium scaffolds fabricated using a rapid prototyping and powder metallurgy technique. Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 3625–3635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen Q Z, Thompson I D, Boccaccini A R. 45S5 bioglass ®-derived glass–ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2006, 27, 2414–2425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Teixeira S, Rodriguez M A, Pena P, De Aza A H, De Aza S, Ferraz M P, Monteiro F J. Physical characterization of hydroxyapatite porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2009, 29, 1510–1514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sopyan I, Kaur J. Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite through polymeric sponge method. Ceramics International, 2009, 35, 3161–3168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee J H, Kim H E, Koh Y H. Highly porous titanium (Ti) scaffolds with bioactive microporous hydroxyapatite/TiO2 hybrid coating layer. Materials Letters, 2009, 63, 1995–1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Manonukul A, Tange M, Srikudvien P, Denmud N, Wattanapornphan P. Rheological properties of commercially pure titanium slurry for metallic foam production using replica impregnation method. Powder Technology, 2014, 266, 129–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jo I H, Shin K H, Soon Y M, Koh Y H, Lee J H, Kim H E. Highly porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with elongated pores using stretched polymeric sponges as novel template. Materials Letters, 2009, 63, 1702–1704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ahmad S, Muhamad N, Muchtar A, Sahari J, Ibrahim M H I, Jamaludin K R, Nor N H M. Development and characterization of titanium alloy foams. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 2010, 5, 244–250.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wang C L, Chen H J, Zhu X D, Xiao Z W, Zhang K, Zhang X D. An improved polymeric sponge replication method for biomedical porous titanium scaffolds. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, 70, 1192–1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sohn D G, Hong M W, Kim Y Y, Cho Y S. Fabrication of dual-pore scaffolds using a combination of wire-networked molding (WNM) and non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) techniques. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2015, 12, 565–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Amir Hamed Aghajanian & Bijan Abbasi Khazaei

  2. Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran

    Mohammad Khodaei

  3. Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744176, Iran

    Mohammad Rafienia

Authors
  1. Amir Hamed Aghajanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bijan Abbasi Khazaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Khodaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Rafienia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bijan Abbasi Khazaei.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aghajanian, A.H., Khazaei, B.A., Khodaei, M. et al. Fabrication of Porous Mg-Zn Scaffold through Modified Replica Method for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Bionic Eng 15, 907–913 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-018-0077-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-018-0077-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation