Abstract
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a plant virus belonging to the genus Alfamovirus in the family Bromoviridae. AMV occurs worldwide and is one of the most important viruses affecting a large number of plant species, mainly commercially important crops. In this study, we report the molecular analysis of the CP gene sequences of 23 AMV isolates obtained from different geographical areas and hosts: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), kidneyweed (Dichondra repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and Lavandin Super (Lavandula angustifolia x L. latifolia). The comparison among the Argentine CP sequences showed identity values ranging from 95.6 to 100% at the nucleotide level and from 95.9 to 100% at the predicted amino acid level. Phylogenetic studies based on complete nucleotide sequences of CP showed that all Argentine isolates were included in subgroup I of AMV isolates, along with other isolates from alfalfa. No clear relationship between AMV isolates and geographical or host origin was observed. This is the first report of kidneyweed as a natural host of AMV worldwide, and of AMV infection in red clover and Lavandin Super in Argentina. This work provides more evidence of CP variability between AMV isolates and presents a new AMV plant host, expanding the host range of this virus. Therefore, AMV represents a threat to the successful production of several economically important crops in Argentina. Further studies are necessary for a better understanding of the role of these host species in AMV epidemiology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abdalla OA, Mohamed SA, Eraky AI, Fahmay FG (2015) Genetic Comparison Between Coat Protein Gene of Alfalfa mosaic virus Isolate Infecting Potato Crop in Upper Egypt and Worldwide Isolates. Int J Virol 11(3):112–122. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijv.2015.112.122
Bejerman N, Nome C, Giolitti F, Kitajima E, de Breuil S, Pérez Fernández J, Basigalup D, Cornacchione M, Lenardon S (2011) First Report of a Rhabdovirus Infecting Alfalfa in Argentina. Plant Dis 95(6):771. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0764
Bejerman N, Giolitti F, Trucco V, de Breuil S, Dietzgen RG, Lenardon S (2016) Complete genome sequence of a new enamovirus from Argentina infecting alfalfa plants showing dwarfism symptoms. Arch Virol 161:2029–2032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2854-3
Bejerman N, Trucco V, de Breuil S, Pardina PR, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2017) Genome characterization of an Argentinean isolate of alfalfa leaf curl virus. Arch Virol 5:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3673-x
Bejerman N, Debat H, Nome C, Cabrera-Mederos D, Trucco V, de Breuil S, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2019) Redefining the medicago sativa alphapartitiviruses genome sequences. Virus Res 265:156–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.021
Bejerman N, Roumagnac P, Nemchinov LG (2020) High-Throughput Sequencing for Deciphering the Virome of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Front Microbiol 11:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.553109
Bol JF (1999) Alfalfa mosaic virus and ilarviruses: involvement of coat protein in multiple steps of the replication cycle. J Gen Virol 80(5):1089–1102. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-5-1089
Cardin L, Moury B (2000) First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Pachysandra terminalis in Europe. Plant Pathol 84(5):594. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.5.594B
Crill P, Hagedom DJ, Hanson EW (1970) Alfalfa mosaic, the disease and its incitant. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin. Bull Nº 280: 40 p
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19:11–15
Gao SQ, Liang J, Guo K, Zhou X, Su X (2020) First report of alfalfa mosaic virus in Cayratia japonica, Justicia procumbens and Veronica persica in China. J Plant Pathol 102(1):267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00408-1
Graham JH, Frosheiser FI, Stuteville DL, Erwin DC (1979) A compendium of alfalfa diseases. St. Paul, MN, USA. American Phytopathological Society (1st ed.). 65 p
Hiruki C, Hampton RO (1990) Disease caused by viruses and viruses infectious to alfalfa. In: Stuteville DL, Erwin DC (eds) Compendium of Alfalfa Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN., pp 51–58
ICTV (2019) Genus: Alfamovirus. The online (10th) Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses/w/bromoviridae/1105/genus-alfamovirus
Jaspars EM, Bos L (1980) Alfalfa mosaic virus. N°229. In: Description of plant viruses. Kew, England, England: Commonwealth Mycology Institute/Association of Applied Biologists. https://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv/?dpvno=229
Jones RAC, Real D, Vincent SJ, Gajda BE, Coutts BA (2012) First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirton var. albomarginata and crassiuscula) in Australia. Plant Dis 96(9):1384. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0378-PDN
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Lenardon S, Perez Fernandez J, Basigalup D (2010) Descubren una nueva enfermedad en alfalfa (INTA Informa). https://intainforma.inta.gob.ar/descubren-una-nueva-enfermedad-en-alfalfa/. Accessed 3 Jun 2021
Li J, Gu H, Liu Y, Wei S, Hu G, Wang X, McNeill MR, Ban L (2021) RNA-seq reveals plant virus composition and diversity in alfalfa, thrips, and aphids in Beijing, China. Arch Virol 166:1711–1722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05067-1
Muhire BM, Varsani A, Martin DP (2014) SDT : A Virus Classification Tool Based on Pairwise Sequence Alignment and Identity Calculation. PLoS One 9(9):e108277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108277
Park CY, Min HG, Shin GE, Oh J, Lee SH (2018) First report of alfalfa mosaic virus in Ligularia fischeri in Korea. J Plant Pathol 100(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-018-0024-z
Parrella G, Lanave C, Marchoux G, Finetti Sialer MM, Di Franco A, Gallitelli D (2000) Evidence for two distinct subgroups of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) from France and Italy and their relationships with other AMV strains: Brief report. Arch Virol 145(12):2659–2667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050070014
Parrella G, Acanfora N, Bellardi MG (2010) First Record and Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus from Lavandula stoechas in Italy. Plant Dis 94(7):924. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0924A
Parrella G, Acanfora N, Orílio AF, Navas-Castillo J (2011) Complete nucleotide sequence of a Spanish isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus: evidence for additional genetic variability. Arch Virol 156(6):1049–1052. http://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-0941-z
Parrella G, Greco B, Cennamo G, Griffo R, Stinca A (2013) Araujia sericifera New Host of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Italy. Plant Dis 97(10):1387. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0300-PDN
Parrella G, Troiano E, Faure C, Marais A, Candresse T (2021) First Report of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Chayote in Italy. Plant Dis 105(3):698. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2117-PDN
Salamon P, Sos-Hegedus A, Gyula P, Szittya G (2018) First report of the infection of alfalfa mosaic virus in Salvia sclarea in Hungary. J Plant Pathol 100(3):607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-018-0117-8
Sastry KS, Mandal B, Hammond J, Scott SW, Briddon RW (2019a) Lavandula spp. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids. New Delhi: Springer India. pp 1351–1352. http://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_516
Sastry KS, Mandal B, Hammond J, Scott SW, Briddon RW (2019b) Trifolium spp. (Trifolium album, T. alexandrinum, T. ambiguum, T. campestre, T. dubium, T. hybridum, T. incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens, T. subterraneum, T. tembense, T. vesiculosum) (Clover). In: Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids. New Delhi: Springer India. pp 2559–2578. http://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_954
Trucco V, de Breuil S, Bejerman N, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2014) Complete nucleotide sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Argentina. Virus Genes 48(3):562–565. http://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1045-0
Trucco V, de Breuil S, Bejerman N, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2016) Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) in Argentina: molecular characterization and detection in alfalfa fields. Eur J Plant Pathol 146(1):207–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0899-5
Trucco V, Bejerman N, de Breuil S, Cabrera Mederos D, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2018) Alfalfa dwarf disease, a viral complex affecting alfalfa crop in Argentina. In: Proceedings of the second world Alfalfa Congress. pp 84–87. http://www.worldalfalfacongress.org/resumenes/?lang=en
Trucco V, Cabrera Mederos D, Lenardon S, Giolitti F (2020) Geographical distribution, genetic studies and vector transmission of alfalfa enamovirus-1 infecting alfalfa crop in Argentina. Virus Genes 56(5):662–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01783-z
Vrandečić K, Jurković D, Ćosić J, Stanković I, Vučurović A, Bulajić A, Krstić B (2013) First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Lavandula × intermedia in Croatia. Plant Dis 97(7):1002. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-12-1142-PDN
Weimer JL (1931) Alfalfa mosaic. Phytopathology 21:122–123
Xu H, Nie J (2006) Identification, Characterization, and Molecular Detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Potato. Phytopathology 96(11):1237–1242. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-96-1237
Zabala S (1952) El mosaico de la alfalfa. IDIA 49:5-7
Acknowledgements
We thank Florencia Moreno (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA, Argentina) for technical assistance and Laura Menéndez for kindly providing the Lavandin Super samples.
Funding
This work was partially supported by INTA (I090) and PICT-2017–3594.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
VT designed and performed the experiments, analysed the results and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. OC, CGVM, DCM, SL and FG contributed to the design of the study, data collection, analysis of results, revision, and edition the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors have consented to the submission of this paper.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
This research does not include any studies involving human participants or animals.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trucco, V., Castellanos Collazo, O., Vaghi Medina, C.G. et al. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV): genetic diversity and a new natural host. J Plant Pathol 104, 349–356 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00961-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00961-8