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Monitoring negotiation strategy for Forestry Voluntary Carbon Market with North Korea

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Abstract

South Korea launched a national carbon-trading scheme (including forestry carbon offsets) in January 2015 to stimulate corporate efforts in reducing carbon emission. South Korean enterprises are under an obligation to search for offset forests, and North Korean forests represent a potential option. This study begins by identifying whether satellite imagery could be used for Forestry Voluntary Carbon Market in North Korea by interdisciplinary interpretation. Close interaction between social science and remote sensing discipline examined negotiation monitoring target such as government failure for deforestation control and calculating opportunity cost, and seek out matches between the technical capabilities of satellites and monitoring negotiation requirements. The second part of this study presented referential variables, stakes and chips of negotiation such as measurement, reporting and verification enforcement methodology, types of forest carbon markets and human rights-based approach as springboards to prepare for intergovernmental dialogue with North Korea. This research could be a valuable reference for utilizing the capabilities of satellites in monitoring negotiation with North Korea by suggesting realistic interdisciplinary interaction between remote sensing and social Science.

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Notes

  1. There are two forest carbon markets: the regulated (or compliance) market and the voluntary market. The compliance market is typically operated by the Afforestation/Reforestation-Clean Development Mechanism (ARCDM) and the United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). The voluntary market is evolving, mainly driven by the private sector and consumer interest (e.g., corporate social responsibility). Both operations regulate activities taking place under international negotiations through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

  2. Christian Tomuschat, Human Rights Between Idealism and Realism, Second Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 7–8.

  3. According to the “DPRK Land Law”, adopted in 1999, land use is categorized into six main types (agricultural, residential, industrial, forest and riparian, and other) and the master plan for land development governs proper use and development of the land.

  4. ‘Green Detente' is to implement cooperation in environmental areas first as they are politically less sensitive relatively and to mitigate confrontation and conflicts between South and North Korea, and promote peace and co-prosperity.

  5. Leakage refers to the fact that while deforestation might be avoided in one place, the forest destroyers might move to another area of forest or to a different country.

  6. RBA is a conceptual policy framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights. RBA seeks to analyse inequalities which lie at the heart of development problems and redress discriminatory practices and unjust distributions of power that impede development progress.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund, 2016. We thank NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States) for providing satellite data.

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  1. Department of Geography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

    Jung-Sup Um

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  1. Jung-Sup Um
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Um, JS. Monitoring negotiation strategy for Forestry Voluntary Carbon Market with North Korea. Spat. Inf. Res. 24, 555–563 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-016-0052-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-016-0052-8

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