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Carbon Materials from Technical Lignins: Recent Advances

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Abstract

Lignin, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, is generated in enormous amounts during the pulp production. It is also a major coproduct of second generation biofuels. The effective utilization of lignin is critical for the accelerated development of the advanced cellulosic biorefinery. Low cost and availability of lignin make it attractive precursor for preparation of a range of carbon materials, including activated carbons, activated carbon fibers (CF), structural CF, graphitic carbons or carbon black that could be used for environmental protection, as catalysts, in energy storage applications or as reinforcing components in advanced composite materials. Technical lignins are very diverse in terms of their molecular weight, structure, chemical reactivity, and chemical composition, which is a consequence of the different origin of the lignin and the various methods of lignin isolation. The inherent heterogeneity of lignin is the main obstacle to the preparation of high-performance CF. Although lignin-based CF still do not compete with polyacrylonitrile-derived CF in mechanical properties, they nevertheless provide new markets through high availability and low production costs. Alternatively, technical lignin could be used for production of carbon adsorbents, which have very high surface areas and pore volumes comparable to the best commercial activated carbons. These porous carbons are useful for purifying gas and aqueous media from organic pollutants or adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. They also could be used as catalysts or electrodes in electrochemical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation in connection with the Wallenberg Wood Science Centre Program (WWSC) is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of the work of Dr. Olena Sevastyanova. The Cost Action FP 1306 LIGNOVAL is acknowledged for the initiation of the current work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, NAS of Ukraine, Naumov Street 13, Kiev, 03164, Ukraine

    Alexander M. Puziy & Olga I. Poddubnaya

  2. Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden

    Olena Sevastyanova

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  1. Alexander M. Puziy
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  2. Olga I. Poddubnaya
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  3. Olena Sevastyanova
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Correspondence to Alexander M. Puziy.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection “Lignin Chemistry”; edited by Luis Serrano, Rafael Luque, Bert Sels.

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Puziy, A.M., Poddubnaya, O.I. & Sevastyanova, O. Carbon Materials from Technical Lignins: Recent Advances. Top Curr Chem (Z) 376, 33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-018-0210-7

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