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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in peritoneal dialysis: when and how to perform it

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Abstract

In the field of peritoneal dialysis contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a new add-on examination to B-mode ultrasound, but until recently it has never been systematically studied. Based on the experience of the Project Group “Integrated Imaging and Interventional Nephrology” of the Italian Society of Nephrology, CEUS is helpful for evaluating catheter malfunction, peritoneal-pleural communication, leakage, and herniation, and in particular it facilitates dynamic functional imaging of the catheter and its complications. The use of CEUS in peritoneal dialysis is simple, repeatable, safe, radiation-free, and appears to be less time-consuming and more cost-effective than other radiological imaging techniques such as peritoneography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance or peritoneal scintigraphy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “Cannizzaro” Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126, Catania, Italy

    Antonio Granata & Elnaz Rahbari

  2. Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy

    Francesco Pesce & Loreto Gesualdo

  3. Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “C. e G. Mazzoni” Hospital, Via degli Iris 1, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy

    Matthias Zeiler

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Contributions

Antonio Granata and Matthias Zeiler had the idea for the article. The literature search was performed by Matthias Zeiler, Elnaz Rahbari e Francesco Pesce. Data analysis was performed by Antonio Granata, Matthias Zeiler and Francesco Pesce. The work was drafted by Matthias Zeiler, Antonio Granata and Elnaz Rahbari. The work was critically revised by Antonio Granata, Matthias Zeiler and Loreto Gesualdo. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Matthias Zeiler.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This is an observational study. The Research Ethics Committee of Catania has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

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Informed consent was obtained from all patients to perform CEUS examination.

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Written informed consent for publication of clinical images was obtained from the patients.

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Granata, A., Rahbari, E., Pesce, F. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in peritoneal dialysis: when and how to perform it. J Nephrol 35, 1329–1337 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-022-01287-z

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